Compared to controls, the PTSD group generated narratives with equivalent episodic detail but greater non-episodic detail, including semantic information and repeated or extended events. Non-episodic detail generation was associated with greater avoidance but not executive functions. Elaborated non-trauma memories may be perceived as overgeneral in PTSD due to greater generation of non-episodic details, rather than diminished episodic detail.Objective The Boston Naming Test-Second Edition (BNT-2), the "gold-standard" assessment of confrontation naming used to diagnosis disorders such as dementia, includes aculturally insensitive item, the noose. Given calls to stop structural racism in psychology, this study examined changes in scores and performance classification if the noose item were omitted from the BNT-2. Methods Participants were 291 Black, White, and Latinx adults who were administered the BNT-2 within a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Ethnoracial differences in BNT-2 scores with and without the noose item and percentages of participants answering the noose item incorrectly were investigated. Results Significant differences were found between ethnoracial groups in BNT-2 raw scores, T-scores, and percentage of participants incorrectly answering the noose item. Follow-up analyses revealed White participants obtained significantly higher raw scores and had significantly fewer participants answer the noose item incorrectly than Black and Latinx groups, who did not differ significantly. For T-scores, Black participants obtained significantly higher scores than White participants who obtained significantly higher scores than Latinx participants. Despite these differences, giving credit for the omitted noose item changed performance classification for only 10 participants (3.4%). Conclusions Performance classification did not change significantly for the vast majority of a large ethnoculturally diverse sample when giving credit for the noose item as if it were not administered. Therefore, the non-noose BNT-2remains accurate while reducing cultural insensitivity towards Black populations, emphasizing a step in working towards anti-racism and fostering culturally-competent services within psychology.Background Despite routine supportive supervision of health service delivery, maternal and newborn outcomes have remained poor in sub-Saharan Africa in general and in Tanzania in particular. There is limited research evidence on factors limiting the effectiveness of supportive supervision in improving the quality of maternal and newborn care.Objective This study explored enablers of and barriers to supportive supervision in maternal and newborn care at the district and hospital levels in Shinyanga region in Tanzania.Methods This study employed a qualitative case study design.  https://www.selleckchem.com/Androgen-Receptor.html  A purposeful sampling approach was employed to recruit a stratified sample of health system actors members of the council health management team (CHMT), members of health facility management teams (HMTs), heads of units in the maternity department and health workers.Results This study identified several barriers to the effectiveness of supportive supervision. First, the lack of a clear policy on supportive supervision. Despite the general acknowledgement of supportive supervision as a managerial mechanism for quality improvement at the district and lower-level health facilities, there is no clear policy guiding it. Second, limitations in measurement of progress in quality improvement; although supportive supervision is routinely conducted to improve maternal and newborn outcomes, efforts to measure progress are limited due to shortfalls in the setting of goals and targets, as well as gaps in M&E. Third, resource constraints and low motivation; that is, the shortage of resources - CHMT supervisors, health staff and funds - results in irregular supervision and low motivation.Conclusion Besides resource constraints, lack of clear policies and limitations related to progress measurement impair the effectiveness of supportive supervision in improving maternal and newborn outcomes. There is a need to reform supportive supervision so that it aids and measures progress not only at the district but also at the health facility level.This study aimed to characterize muscle activation and its variability during two-legged hopping in children with and without Down syndrome (DS). Seventeen typically developing (TD) children and 15 children with DS were recruited. As only 6 children with DS (4F/2M, 9.95 (1.71) years) completed the test, we used a 2(TD)1(DS) ratio to age- and sex-match 12 TD children. Subjects first hopped at a self-selected free frequency and then three metronome-cued conditions slow, preferred, and moderate (80%, 100%, and 120% of free frequency, respectively). Across conditions, children with DS exhibited greater pre-activation before landing and greater shape and timing variability in gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris than TD children. However, this compensatory strategy limited their ability to change movement speed.AbstractsBiofeedback has been effectively implemented to improve the mediation and distribution of joint loads during gait, however, the inability to effectively coordinate lower limb movement by altering loading patterns may increase pathological stress and risk of injury and deleterious joint changes. This study examined the influence cueing an increase or decrease in lower extremity loading has on inter- and intralimb joint coordination during gait, applied herein for 12 persons following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction across three loading conditions (control, high, and low). Visual biofeedback was presented on a screen via a force-measuring treadmill with targeted changes prescribed based on stride-to-stride peak vertical ground reaction forces bilaterally. The pattern and stability of coordination dynamics among each of the ankle, hip and knee joint pairs were assessed via discrete relative phase and cross-recurrence quantification analyses for each condition. High and low loading altered the pattern and stability of intralimb coordination; low loading led to decreased coordination stability (20° greater than control condition) and high loading resulted in a more tightly coupled coordination pattern (higher %CDET). With thoughtful consideration for movement control, biofeedback can be used to target mechanisms leading to long-term deleterious joint adaptations.