V36M/L,Q80L,S122G/L,R155T/G,A156S,D168Y/N and S174A/N/T mutations were detected in this study.
 
  Although the prevalence of RASs was totally low in this study, the presence of several cases of double and triple mutants among this population suggests prior evaluation of protease inhibitors related mutations before initiation of standard treatment and also investigation on a large population could be of high value.
 Although the prevalence of RASs was totally low in this study, the presence of several cases of double and triple mutants among this population suggests prior evaluation of protease inhibitors related mutations before initiation of standard treatment and also investigation on a large population could be of high value.
  Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is a ubiquitous gynecological malignancy with complicated pathogenesis. Genetic risk factors and pathways involved in the prognosis of this cancer are not yet understood completely. Determining genetic markers with diagnostic and prognostic values would pave the way for efficient management of cancer.
 
  This study aimed to investigate the genes and the regulatory networks involved in the occurrence and prognosis of EOC through different bioinformatics analysis tools. In addition, recent advances in using bioinformatic analysis approach based on the genes and regulatory networks, particularly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), in improving the diagnosis and prognosis of EOC are discussed.
 
  The gene expression profiles of GSE18520, GSE54388, and GSE27651 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and further analyzed with different analyses in R language. Current literature on using bioinformatics based on DEGs and associated regulatory networks to ally target EOC in clinical practice.
 Findings of this study revealed 12 genes to be significantly up-regulated, and the prognosis was significantly different, which could be employed to potentially target EOC in clinical practice.
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), particularly bone MSCs (BMSCs) offer great potentials for targeted therapeutic applications due to their migratory and differentiation capacities. Significant advances have been achieved in the differentiation of hepatocyte or hepatocyte-like cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, there is limited knowledge on the differentiation of BMSCs into bipotential hepatic progenitor cells or cholangiocytes. This study reviews the potentials and advances in using MSCs as vehicles for targeted drug delivery and proposes a new method for induction of differentiation in rat BMSCs into hepatic progenitor cells in vitro, and assesses the differential and migratory capacities.
 
  The BMSCs of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were harvested from the femur and the tibiae of the rats.  https://www.selleckchem.com/Androgen-Receptor.html  After isolation and culturing, BMSCs from Passage 1 were used for the study. The in vitro differentiation of the hepatic progenitor cells was performed using a 2-step induction approach after 5-day serum deprivation from
 
  Differentiation induction is indicative of the sequential supplementation of sodium butyrate and cytokines, which are involved in the embryonic development of the mammalian liver. Hepatic progenitor cells, derived from bone marrow, can be differentiated bidirectionally in vitro into both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte cell lines. The differentiated cells, including hepatic progenitor cells, hepatocytes, and bile duct-like cells, were identified and analyzed at mRNA and protein levels.
 
  Our findings show that BMSCs can be utilized as novel bipotential hepatic progenitor cells and thereby for hepatobiliary disease treatment or hepatobiliary tissue engineering.
 Our findings show that BMSCs can be utilized as novel bipotential hepatic progenitor cells and thereby for hepatobiliary disease treatment or hepatobiliary tissue engineering.Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in drug delivery systems specifically for chemo-, radio-, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy. Due to the lack of selectivity toward tumor cells the main target in therapies is to deliver drugs to cancer cells to reduce side effects. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been described as "promising nanocarriers for therapeutics" due to many properties such as low inherent toxicity, high water solubility and biocompatibility. Many research groups have focused on taking advantage of two or more therapies simultaneously to have increased efficacy using a lower dosage of the therapeutic drug and reduced multi drug resistance (MDR). Alternatively, doxorubicin (Dox) modification has been used as a strategy for increased selectivity toward target cells. Over the years, many studies have been performed on NPs to eliminate side effects using polymers, peptides, proteins, DNA, metallic NPs, microgels, and hydrogels on drug carrierse. In this review, recent advances of using Dox-AuNPs for chemo-, radio-, photothermal, photodynamic and combination therapy are briefly discussed, and we highlight recent progression in the application of Dox-AuNPs for effective cancer therapy.Recently, genetic engineering by various strategies to stimulate gene expression in a specific and controllable mode is a speedily growing therapeutic approach. Genetic modification of human stem or progenitor cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for direct delivery of specific therapeutic molecules or genes has been evidenced as an opportune plan in the context of regenerative medicine due to their supported viability, proliferative features, and metabolic qualities. On the other hand, a large number of studies have investigated the efficacy of modified stem cells in cancer therapy using cells from various sources, disparate transfection means for gene delivery, different transfected yields, and wide variability of tumor models. Accordingly, cell-based gene therapy holds substantial aptitude for the treatment of human malignancy as it could relieve signs or even cure cancer succeeding expression of therapeutic or suicide transgene products; however, there exist inconsistent results in this regard. Herein, we deliver a brief overview of stem cell potential to use in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine and importantly discuss stem cells based gene delivery competencies to stimulate tissue repair and replacement in concomitant with their potential to use as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy, focusing on the last two decades in vivo studies.