Treatment 2 induced a 3% reduction in cheese yield. Hardness and chewiness showed a linear and positive relationship with the milk's psychrotrophic load. There was a significant difference in the fat content of the cheeses, with Treatment 2 having a lower level. The triangular test showed no difference between the cheeses. CONCLUSION Although the larger psychrotrophic population in raw milk was associated with superior values of hardness and chewiness, and an increase in protein fractions indicating proteolysis was observed, the tasters did not identify sensorial differences between the cheeses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Root system architecture (RSA) influences the effectiveness of resources acquisition from soils but the genetic networks that control RSA remain largely unclear. •We used rhizoboxes, X-ray Computed Tomography, grafting, auxin transport measurements and hormone quantification to demonstrate that Arabidopsis and Medicago CEP (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE)-CEP RECEPTOR signalling controls RSA, the gravitropic set-point angle (GSA) of lateral roots (LRs), auxin levels, and auxin transport. •We showed that soil-grown Arabidopsis and Medicago CEP receptor mutants have a narrower RSA, which results from a steeper LR GSA. Grafting shows that CEPR1 in the shoot controls GSA. CEP receptor mutants exhibited an increase in rootward auxin transport and elevated shoot auxin levels. Consistently, the application of auxin to wild-type shoots induced a steeper GSA and auxin transport inhibitors counteracted the CEP receptor mutant's steep GSA phenotype. Concordantly, CEP peptides increased GSA and inhibited rootward auxin transport in WT but not in CEP receptor mutants. •The results indicate that CEP-CEP receptor-dependent signalling outputs in Arabidopsis and Medicago control overall RSA, LR GSA, shoot auxin levels and rootward auxin transport. We propose that manipulating CEP signalling strength or CEP receptor downstream targets may provide means to alter RSA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND The term 'grape (Vitis vinifera) water' refers to a by-product from the cryoconcentration of must that, if not reclaimed, would be considered as wastewater. In this study, the nutraceutical potential of waters reclaimed from the cryoconcentration of Grillo and Moscato musts was evaluated. RESULTS Both waters showed physicochemical parameters in agreement with Italian regulation for drinking water, and interesting levels of F- (3.02-8.02 mg L-1 ) and SO4 - (52.85-49.34 mg L-1 ). Inorganic elements, including Mg (5.54-7.78 mg L-1 ), K (47.12-59.87 mg L-1 ), Fe (219.09-205.32 μg L-1 ), and Zn (189.65-127.30 μg L-1 ), and phenolic contents less then 35 mg GAE L-1 contributed to determine moderate antioxidant activities. Considering fatty acid composition, oleic and linoleic acids predominated, being higher in Moscato than Grillo samples (64.42% versus 58.22%, and 5.42% versus 6.07%). Grape waters displayed also rich aroma profiles, including mainly esters, alcohols and terpenoids. The latter components (i.e. linalool and α-terpineol) were more abundant in Moscato than in Grillo (13% versus 8%). Interestingly, some minor volatiles, characterized the vine of provenance (e.g. benzaldehyde and 3-methylbutylacetate in Moscato). All grape waters showed also a considerable fraction of ethyl lactate, six-carbon compounds and acetates, reflecting the proximity of samples to the grapes of origin. CONCLUSION In a growing scenario of environmental decay and resource depletion, results from this study support an innovative and profitable waste recycling strategy for the wine industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.This study reports the phenotypic and genetic differences between individuals of puyen Galaxias maculatus from two sites in the same river basin in Tierra del Fuego National Park, southern South America. Individuals from the two sampling sites presented morphometric and genetic differences. The morphometric differences indicated that individuals from Laguna Negra (LN) were short and more robust and had large eyes, whereas those from Arroyo Negro (AN) were thin and elongated and had small eyes. Genetic differences showed that AN individuals had a greater genetic structuration and an older demographic history than LN individuals. The results of this study affirmed that the individuals from the two sampling sites belong to different populations with a high degree of isolation. The demographic history could indicate that the individuals of G. maculatus which migrated to northern areas during the last glaciation settled in the Beagle Channel after its formation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html  The LN population could have originated after the retreat of the glaciers, migrating from AN. © 2020 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.Grafting of vegetable seedlings is a unique horticultural technology, practiced for more than five decades, aiming to overcome problems associated with intensive cultivation on limited arable land. Grafting can protect vegetables against soil-borne diseases and nematodes; against abiotic stresses such as high or low temperatures, salinity, drought or excessive soil-water content; and against elevated soil concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Watermelon is one of the most popular vegetables to be grafted, and more than 90% of the plants worldwide are commercially grafted. This mini review aims to summarize the latest available information about the effects of rootstock/scion combinations with respect to enhancing or impairing watermelon fruit-quality. A better understand of the influence of rootstock/scion compatibility or incompatibility on fruit-quality parameters will facilitate decision-making by growers and direct breeding programs to produce high-quality grafted fruits in a cost-effective manner. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.Trichomycterus spectrum is described as a new species from the Alejo cave, drained by the Ranchería River basin, in La Guajira department, north-eastern Colombia, and is the first troglomorphic species described from this region. The new species shows an advanced degree of troglomorphisms expressed as eyes absent, long barbels and body depigmented. Trichomycterus spectrum is diagnosed by the putatively autapomorphic presence of a posterior process at the anterolateral corner of the epioccipital, and is also recognized by the derived presence of a circular foramen on the neural spine of the complex vertebra and the following posterior vertebra, and by the apomorphic presence of a well-developed coracoid bridge, distally expanded, and contacting or almost reaching the lateral margin of the cleithrum. The new species also shows the derived origin of the levator internus 4 on the dorsal surface of the posttemporo-supracleithrum that supports Trichomycterinae monophyly. We also propose a monophyletic subgroup provisionally within Trichomycterus, here named the Trichomycterus taenia species group, which includes species distributed in cis- and trans-Andean drainages in northern South America.