https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Ki16425.html Efficiencies of artificial photosynthetic and photocatalytic systems depend on their ability to generate long-lived charge-separated (CS) states in photoinduced electron transfer (PET) reactions. PET, in most cases, is followed by an ultrafast back electron transfer, which severely reduces lifetime and quantum yield of CS states. Generation of a long-lived CS state is an important goal in the study of PET reactions. Herein, we report that this goal is achieved using a hierarchically self-assembled anthracene-methyl viologen donor-acceptor system. Anthracene linked to two β-cyclodextrin molecules (CD-AN-CD) and methyl viologen linked to two adamantane units (AD-MV2+-AD) form an inclusion complex in water, which further self-assembled into well-defined toroidal nanostructures. The fluorescence of anthracene is highly quenched in the self-assembled system because of PET from anthracene to methyl viologen. Irradiation of the aqueous toroidal solution led to formation of a long-lived CS state. Rational mechanisms for the formation of the toroidal nanostructures and long-lived photoinduced charge separation are presented in the paper.There is growing interest in creating solids that are responsive to various stimuli. Herein we report the first molecular-level mechanistic picture of the thermochromic polymorphic transition in a series of MAN-NI dyad crystals that turn from orange to yellow upon heating with minimal changes to the microscopic morphology following the transition. Detailed structural analyses revealed that the dyads assemble to create an alternating bilayer type structure, with horizontal alternating alkyl and stacked aromatic layers in both the orange and yellow forms. The observed dynamic behavior in the solid state moves as a yellow wavefront through the orange crystal. The overall process is critically dependent on a complex interplay between the layered structure of the starting crystal, the thermodynamic