Adolescents and youth living with HIV have poorer antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence and viral suppression outcomes than all other age groups. Effective interventions promoting adherence are urgently needed. We reviewed and synthesized recent literature on interventions to improve ART adherence among this vulnerable population. We focus on studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the adolescent and youth HIV burden is greatest. Articles published between September 2015 and January 2019 were identified through PubMed. Inclusion criteria were [1] included participants ages 10-24 years; [2] assessed the efficacy of an intervention to improve ART adherence; [3] reported an ART adherence measurement or viral load; [4] conducted in a LMIC. Articles were reviewed for study population characteristics, intervention type, study design, outcomes measured, and intervention effect. Strength of each study's evidence was evaluated according to an adapted World Health Organization GRADE systemients not yet deemed clinically stable included one experimental and one retrospective cohort design and showed improved ART adherence and viral suppression outcomes. ART adherence and viral suppression outcomes remain a major challenge among adolescents and youth. Intensive home-based case management models of care hold promise for improving outcomes in this population and warrant further research.BACKGROUND Increasing incidences of swallowing dysfunction, or dysphagia, a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia, are being reported in aging populations.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html  AIMS To investigate the relationship between swallowing function and oral bacteria in independent, community-dwelling elderly. METHODS This study recruited 139 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 70 years with poor swallowing function. The presence of anaerobic (Prevotella spp. and Fusobacterium spp.) and aerobic bacteria was examined in the participants' oral cavity flora. Swallowing function was evaluated using a 30 mL water swallowing test. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between oral bacteria and swallowing function. RESULTS Swallowing function was assessed as abnormal in 2.9% and as abnormal in 47.5% of the subjects. The colony-forming units (CFUs/ml) of Prevotella spp. were associated with the swallowing dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-8.11). Further, CFUs/ml of Fusobacterium spp. and aerobes did not correlate with the swallowing dysfunction but were related with the number of teeth (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.28-5.74, and OR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.91, respectively) CONCLUSIONS Swallowing dysfunction in community-dwelling elderly is associated with increased abundance of Prevotella spp., which indirectly may be an increased risk factor for aspiration pneumonia.BACKGROUND Despite a plethora of literature reporting on the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA), little is available on its effect on post-operative hidden blood loss and even less on its use in the direct anterior approach (DAA), which is gaining popularity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was designed as a prospective, double blind, single centre, randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients were allocated to intravenous administration of 1.5 g of TXA just before wound closure while 60 patients were allocated to topical application of 3.0 g of TXA via a subfascial drain at the end of the procedure. Post-operative blood loss was (1) calculated via a well-established formula based on pre- and post-operative Hb levels, patients characteristics and intra-operative blood loss and (2) measured via the amount that collected in the subfascial drain over time. RESULTS No statistical significant difference in post-operative blood loss was found, neither when the formula was used (0.55 L [topical] vs 0.67 L [IV]; p = .140) nor when looking at the drain output (0.25 L [topical] vs 0.29 L [IV]; p = .108). No significant difference in secondary outcome measures, such as transfusion of units of packed red blood cells, length of hospital stay or the occurrence of venous thromboembolisms, could be found either. CONCLUSIONS This study provides detailed insights into the intra- and post-operative blood loss in DAA THA and shows that topical and IV TXA have similar effects on hidden blood loss. Clinical Trial Number NCT01940692. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I Level I-Randomized Controlled Trial.Alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogels have been reported to be suitable matrices for cell encapsulation. In general, application of ADA-GEL as bioink has been limited to planar structures due to its low viscosity. In this work, ring shaped constructs of ADA-GEL hydrogel were fabricated by casting the hydrogel into sacrificial molds which were 3D printed from 9% methylcellulose and 5% gelatin. Dissolution of the supporting structure was observed during the 1st week of sample incubation. In addition, the effect of different crosslinkers (Ba2+ and Ca2+) on the physicochemical properties of ADA-GEL and on the behavior of encapsulated MG-63 cells was investigated. It was found that Ba2+ crosslinked network had more than twice higher storage modulus, and mass decrease to 70% during incubation compared to 42% in case of hydrogels crosslinked with Ca2+. In addition, faster increase in cell viability during incubation and earlier cell network formation were observed after Ba2+ crosslinking. No negative effects on cell activity due to the use of sacrificial materials were observed. The approach presented here could be further developed for cell-laden ADA-GEL bioink printing into complex 3D structures.Strain assessment allows accurate evaluation of myocardial function and mechanics in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Strain using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has traditionally been assessed with tagging but limitations of this technique have led to more widespread use of alternative methods, which may be more robust. We compared the inter-study repeatability of circumferential global peak-systolic strain (Ecc) and peak-early diastolic strain rate (PEDSR) derived by tagging with values obtained using novel cine-based software Feature Tracking (FT) (TomTec, Germany) and Tissue Tracking (TT) (Circle cvi42, Canada) in patients following STEMI. Twenty male patients (mean age 56 ± 10 years, mean infarct size 13.7 ± 7.1% of left ventricular mass) were randomised to undergo CMR 1-5 days post-STEMI at 1.5 T or 3.0 T, repeated after ten minutes at the same field strength. Ecc and PEDSR were assessed using tagging, FT and TT. Inter-study repeatability was evaluated using Bland-Altman analyses, coefficients of variation (CoV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).