Knowledge of both training pathways was lacking. Further education is required with regards to the scope of practice of both specialties. A lack of exposure to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery during the undergraduate years may be partly to blame. Consideration should be given to the renaming of Oral Surgery to Surgical Dentistry.
  Hospitalized, malnourished older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an elevated risk of readmission and mortality.
 
  Post-hoc, sub-group analysis from the NOURISH study cohort examined the effect of a high-protein oral nutritional supplement (ONS) containing HMB (HP-HMB) in malnourished, hospitalized older adults with COPD and to identify predictors of outcomes.
 
  The NOURISH study (n=652) was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The COPD subgroup (n=214) included hospitalized, malnourished (based on Subjective Global Assessment), older adults (≥65y), with admission diagnosis of COPD who received either standard-of-care plus HP-HMB (n=109) or standard-of-care and a placebo supplement (n=105) prescribed 2 servings/day from within 3 days of hospital admission (baseline) and up to 90 days after discharge. The primary study outcome was a composite endpoint of incidence of death or non-elective readmission up to 90-day post-discharge, while secondary endpodgrip strength, body weight, and nutritional biomarkers within a 90-day period after hospital discharge. This post-hoc, subgroup analysis highlights the importance of early identification of nutritional risk and administration of high-protein ONS in older, malnourished patients with COPD after hospital admission and continuing after hospital discharge.We investigated the impact of the recently described chromosome 6 open reading frame 10 (C6orf10)/LOC101929163 locus as age-at-onset modifier in an extended cohort of Belgian chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) G4C2 repeat expansion carriers. We genotyped the tagging CpG single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9357140 in 224 confirmed C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers, 102 index cases and 122 relatives, and tested association with onset age. The C9orf72 repeat expansion cohort consisted of 131 symptomatic carriers, that is, 78 with dementia only, 13 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and 40 ALS only, and 93 presymptomatic carriers. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis failed to identify significant association (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.15, p = 0.3). We further extended our analysis to a Belgian cohort of unrelated, mutation-negative FTD index patients (n = 230), but also found no association (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.96, p = 0.3). Overall, our findings suggest that in the Belgian cohort, the C6orf10/LOC101929163 locus cannot explain the marked variability in age at onset, and other genetic or environmental modifiers must drive the clinical heterogeneity observed among C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers.
  Although the role of high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy in cardiovascular protection has broadened, concerns still exist about new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM), especially in vulnerable patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of high-dose (4mg/d) and usual dose (2mg/d) pitavastatin on glucose metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia and impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
 
  In this 12-month study, glucose tolerance and lipid-lowering efficacy of high-dose pitavastatin (4mg [study group]) was compared with that of usual dose pitavastatin (2mg [control group]) in patients with hyperlipidemia and IFG. The primary end point was the change of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA
  ) after 24 weeks of treatment. The secondary end points were as follows (1) NODM within 1 year after treatment, (2) change of lipid parameters, (3) changes of adiponectin, and (4) change of blood glucose and insulin levels.
 
  Of the total 417 patients screened, 313 patients with hypercholesterolemia and IFG were randomly assigned into groups.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nvp-2.html  The mean (SD) change in HbA
  was 0.06% (0.20%) in the study group and 0.03% (0.22%) in the control group (P=0.27). Within 1 year, 27 patients (12.3%) developed NODM, including 12 (10.6%) of 113 patients in the study group and 15 (14.2%) of 106 in the control group (P=0.43). The study group had a significantly higher reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-C levels and a higher increase in apolipoprotein A1/apolipoprotein B ratio (0.68 [0.40] vs 0.51 [0.35], P<0.01).
 
  The high-dose pitavastatin therapy did not aggravate glucose metabolism compared with the usual dose therapy. Moreover, it had a better effect on cholesterol-lowering and apolipoprotein distribution in the patients with hyperlipidemia and IFG.
 The high-dose pitavastatin therapy did not aggravate glucose metabolism compared with the usual dose therapy. Moreover, it had a better effect on cholesterol-lowering and apolipoprotein distribution in the patients with hyperlipidemia and IFG.
  It is unclear whether vitamin D provides any benefit against the pro-inflammatory effects of homocysteine in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
 
  We compared lymphocyte counts for CD3, CD19, CD4, and CD8 subsets between elderly (age ≥65 years) T2DM patients (n=5098) and nondiabetes control subjects (n=20,590) based on the serum concentrations of homocysteine and total vitamin D (calcidiol+calcifediol [total vitamin D, TVD]; <20, 20-30, and >30ng/mL).
 
  Significant variation in CD19 (P=0.019), CD4 (P=0.015), and CD8 (P<0.001) were associated with serum TVD in T2DM patients with homocysteine ≤15μmol/L, whereas CD3 (P=0.003) and CD8 (P=0.019) varied in control subjects with homocysteine ≤15μmol/L. In T2DM patients with high homocysteine (>15μmol/L) levels, significant variation based on serum TVD occurred in CD19 only (P=0.024), whereas CD3 (P=0.016) and CD4 (P=0.001) varied in control subjects with high homocysteine concentrations.
 
  Serum TVD influences variation in CD3, CD19,omocysteine concentrations, with greater attenuation occurring in patients with T2DM. Differences in the variation of lymphocyte subsets between nondiabetes subjects with moderate homocysteine concentrations and those with high homocysteine concentrations constitute a shift from CD8-positive cells to CD4-positive cells, suggesting a change in TH1/TH2 balance based on TVD and homocysteine concentrations that is absent in diabetes cases with high homocysteine concentrations.