Copyright (c) 2019 Caroline Isabel Kothe, Joao Pedro Pessoa, Patricia Malheiros, Eduardo Cesar Tondo.INTRODUCTION This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo infection in dairy cows. METHODOLOGY Seroprevalence was determined using ELISA using 160 healthy and 80 recently aborted cows. Risk factor assessment was carried out using a pre-validated questionnaire. RESULTS The true farm seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo was 92.3% (95% CI 66%-98%). In healthy cows, the true and apparent cow seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo were 26.9 (95% CI 20-34%), 26.25% (95% CI 20-33%) and 28.75% (95% CI 22-36%) and 27.5% (95% CI 21-35%), respectively. Semi-intensive management system (OR = 11.43; P less then 0.01), surface water as a source of drinking water (OR = 1.21; P less then 0.03), lack of special wear for visitors (OR = 1.39; P less then 0.05), and previous history of abortion (OR = 1.02; P less then 0.05) were associated with high rate of seropositivity against Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo. In recently aborted cows, the true and apparent seroprevalence rates of Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo were 53.25% (95% CI 47.5-62%), 53.75% (95% CI 48.5-63.2%) and 56% (95% CI 49-61%), 56.25% (95% CI 49.8-61.2%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Jordan and further studies are required to effectively control the disease in dairy cows. Copyright (c) 2019 Zuhair AH Ismail, Sameeh M Abutarboush, Ahmad M Al-Majali, Mohammad H Gharaibeh.INTRODUCTION Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Association between different serotypes and UTIs is known, however, some strains are incapable to be serotyped.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iwr-1-endo.html  The aim of this work was to study bthe phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of 113 non-typeable (NT) and auto-agglutinating (AA) E. coli strains, isolated from UTIs in children and adults. METHODOLOGY The 113 UPEC strains were analyzed by PCR assays using specific primers to determine their serogroups, fimH, papC, iutA, sat, hlyCA and cnf1, virulence associated genes, and chuA, yjaA and TSPE4.C2 for phylogroup determination. Additionally, the diffusion disk method was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance to 18 antimicrobial agents. RESULTS Using the PCR assay, 63% (71) of the strains were genotyped showing O25 and O75 as the most common serogroups. The virulence genes fimH (86%) and iutA (74%) were the most prevalent, in relation to the phylogroups the commensal (A and B1) and virulent (B2 and D) showed similar frequencies (P > 0.05). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed a high percentage (73%) of multidrug-resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS The genotyping allowed identifying the serogroup in many of the strains that could not be typed by traditional serology. The strains carried virulence genes and were multidrug-resistant in both, commensal and virulent phylogroups. Our findings revealed that, in addition to the classical UPEC serogroups, there are pathogenic serogroups not reported yet. Copyright (c) 2019 Molina Lopez Jose, Ulises Hernandez-Chinas, Alejandro Perez-Ramos, Laura Belmont-Monroy, Maria E Chavez-Berrocal, Edgar Gonzalez-Villalobos, Armando Navarro-Ocana, Carlos A Eslava.Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering systems. This has stimulated the new field of 'active matter' in recent years, which focuses on the physical aspects of propulsion mechanisms, and on motility-induced emergent collective behavior of a larger number of identical agents. The scale of agents ranges from nanomotors and microswimmers, to cells, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological microswimmers, various designs of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been proposed. Such machines provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent (artificial) active materials, which exhibit emergent behavior and the ability to perform tasks in response to external stimuli. A major challenge for understanding and designing active matter is their inherent nonequilibrium nature due to persistent energy consumption, which invalidates equilibrium concepts such as free energy, detailed balance, and time-reversal symmetry. Unraveling, predicting, and controlling the behavior of active matter is a truly interdisciplinary endeavor at the interface of biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The vast complexity of phenomena and mechanisms involved in the self-organization and dynamics of motile active matter comprises a major challenge. Hence, to advance, and eventually reach a comprehensive understanding, this important research area requires a concerted, synergetic approach of the various disciplines. The 2020 motile active matter roadmap of Journal of Physics Condensed Matter addresses the current state of the art of the field and provides guidance for both students as well as established scientists in their efforts to advance this fascinating area.INTRODUCTION The authors are health scientist administrators at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The mission of NIMH is "to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure." As part of its portfolio, NIMH supports research on mental health economics, and mental health services research. METHOD In this perspective article, the authors comment on two papers presented at the NIMH-sponsored Mental Health Services Research Conference in 2018 and subsequently published in the September 2019 issue of the Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics. Two important areas are highlighted in this review (i) the impact of insurance and labor markets on the delivery of high-quality mental health services, and (ii) the need for advancements in method development and design in future studies. DISCUSSION The complexity of health insurance markets created some unintended consequence of the mental health insurance parity legislation.