https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2874455.html Malignant tissues show a peculiar feature regarding pH while normal tissues have a higher extracellular pH than intracellular pH, in cancer is exactly the opposite. This phenomenon is called the inversion of the pH gradient and is now considered a hallmark of malignancy. For some time, this inverted pH gradient was believed to be a secondary effect of cancer. Now, it is becoming clear that pH inversion is not an innocent consequence, but a key player in the etiopathogenesis of cancer. Therefore, addressing this issue as part of an integral treatment of neoplasia should be a necessary step for improving cancer patients' outcomes. However, the knowledge acquired in this regard through basic research has not reached bedside treatments. The most striking fact is that there are repurposed drugs and nutraceuticals with low or no toxicity that can modify the pH gradient inversion. However, these drugs have not even been tested in cancer treatment.Western diets are net acid-producing, based on their general characteristics of containing excessive amounts of grains in relation to their content of fruits and vegetables. The continuous consumption of acid-producing diets is countered by the renal excretion of the excess acid. However, when renal excretion is not adequate, as is the case in many older adults with mildly and moderately impaired renal function, other adaptations are employed to preserve neutrality. In adults who are unable to excrete the daily dietary acid load, the excess acid is buffered by bone. The mechanisms by which hydrogen ions affect bone have been well defined. Current evidence also indicates a role for muscle in preserving neutrality; however, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs have not been directly demonstrated. The evidence supporting the role of bone and muscle in defending against the development of frank metabolic acidosis are reviewed herein. This evidence stems from observational studies an