N-[(2-hydroxyl-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC), which is a type of chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium groups, possesses a higher antibacterial activity as compared to the pristine chitosan. The nanofiber membranes made of HTCC are attractive for applications demanding for antibacterial function. However, the hydrophilic nature of HTCC makes it unsuitable for electrospinning of nanofibers. Hence, biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was proposed as an additive to improve the electrospinnability of HTCC. In this work, PVA/HTCC nanofiber membrane was crosslinked with the blocked diisocyanate (BI) to enhance the stability of nanofiber membrane in water. Microbiological assessments showed that the PVA/HTCC/BI nanofiber membranes possessed a good antibacterial efficacy (∼100 %) against E. coli. Moreover, the biocompatibility of PVA/HTCC/BI nanofiber membrane was proven by the cytotoxicity test on mouse fibroblasts. These promising results indicated that the PVA/HTCC/BI nanofiber membrane can be a promising material for food packaging and as a potential wound dressing for skin regeneration.Commercially available types of chitin or chitin isolate are usually in powder form and are nanofibrous in microstructure. However, the surface characteristics of natural chitin in the body of insects are currently understudied. Herein, natural chitin film was successfully produced from bio-waste of insect pupae of the Japanese giant silkworm. Two different surface morphologies of the chitin film were observed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ad-5584.html  We report for the first time a micropapillary surface structure of chitin which was observed on the dorsal side of the film. To further potential of the micropapillary structured natural chitin in sensing applications, we develop a protocol for generating a nanoscopic film of Ag using thermal evaporation. The Ag-deposited natural chitin films exhibited surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity to an extent depending on the structure of the film. In conclusion, materials science has been expanded by addition of a natural, three-dimensional chitin film with utilizable properties.This study developed the pH, and over-expressed nucleolin receptor responsive nano-drug delivery system (nDDS) composed by bio-synthesized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), chitosan (CS) with aptamer (Apt) to deliver the 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and doxorubicin (Dox) for the improved glioblastoma treatment. The characterization results demonstrated that Apt-Dox-CS-Au-5FU NPs were monodispersed in nature with an average hydrodynamic particle size of 196.2 ± 2.89 nm and zeta potential of 16.26 ± 0.51 mV. The drug release, drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE), and loading efficiency (DLE) were measured by HPLC. The pH-responsive dual drug release was instigated the higher glioblastoma cell death instead of the single drug release through G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. In addition, the internalization of Apt-Dox-CS-Au-5FU NPs in cell organelles was affirmed by bio-TEM analysis. Overall, this work revealed the newly designed drug-loaded smart nDDS improved the glioblastoma treatments.Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) incorporated chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol (Ch/PVA) hydrogel nanocomposite was fabricated by repeated freeze-thaw treatment using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker for removal of herbicide butachlor from aqueous solution. Ch/PVA hydrogel provided a matrix for in-situ immobilization of AgNPs and were characterized by various physicochemical techniques. AgNPs of size 5-20 nm possessed crystalline structure, led to increase in thermal stability and surface area after incorporation into Ch/PVA hydrogel. Ch/PVA hydrogel nanocomposite showed maximum adsorption of butachlor (86.55 %) at 30 °C and pH 3.0, while Ch/PVA-Ag showed a slight increase in adsorption of butachlor following pseudo-second order kinetics. Langmuir and Freundlich models with different error functions (R2, R2adj, RSME, χ2 and RSS), confirmed monolayer adsorption of butachlor.In recent years, harmful microorganisms in water pose great harm to ecological environment and human health. To solve this problem, epsilon-poly-l-lysine (EPL) grafted cellulose beads were prepared via 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation and carbodiimide mediated cross-linking reaction. Hydroxyl groups on C6 of cellulose were oxidized to carboxyl groups by TEMPO and grafting reaction was achieved between newly formed carboxyl groups of cellulose and amino of EPL. The beads were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA. The crystalline form of cellulose transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II after being dissolved and regenerated. The grafted cellulose beads showed good antibacterial activities against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris with 10 h. The beads could be biodegraded in soil after 28 days. It is expected that the bio-based composite beads could have potential applications in water purification and food treatment fields.The molecular aggregation of a galactomannan (NSAP-25) from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds was investigated, where three polydisperse systems were confirmed during particle size analysis, indicating existence of different aggregates composed of random coil chains revealed by circular dichroism. Morphologically, NSAP-25 aggregate of various sizes (200-1200 nm) was possibly multi-stranded and formed by ellipsoid-like particles (20-60 nm) composed of compact coil chain, exhibiting extended amorphous structure with chain-like branches intertwined. Hence, NSAP-25 aggregation was inevitable, which exerted an unignorable effect on augmenting flexibility (β↓, γ↓, α↓ and Lp/ML↓) and compactness (ρ↓, df↑ and C∞↓) of branched random coil chain based on macromolecular analysis, especially when concentration increased. Moreover, it could be relevant to thermokinetic behavior of random nucleation and subsequent growth (A2 model and negative ΔS*) as well as good thermal stability (IPDT, ITS, t0.05, Tm and Tp), thus conferring potential applications for NSAP-25 in food and pharmaceutical industries.