SARS-CoV-2 is the viral pathogen causing the COVID19 global pandemic. Consequently, much research has gone into the development of preclinical assays for the discovery of new or repurposing of FDA-approved therapies.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hada-hydrochloride.html  Preventing viral entry into a host cell would be an effective antiviral strategy. One mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 entry occurs when the spike protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 binds to an ACE2 receptor followed by cleavage at two cut sites ("priming") that causes a conformational change allowing for viral and host membrane fusion. TMPRSS2 has an extracellular protease domain capable of cleaving the spike protein to initiate membrane fusion. A validated inhibitor of TMPRSS2 protease activity would be a valuable tool for studying the impact TMPRSS2 has in viral entry and potentially be an effective antiviral therapeutic. To enable inhibitor discovery and profiling of FDA-approved therapeutics, we describe an assay for the biochemical screening of recombinant TMPRSS2 suitable for high throughput application. We demonstrate effectiveness to quantify inhibition down to subnanomolar concentrations by assessing the inhibition of camostat, nafamostat, and gabexate, clinically approved agents in Japan. Also, we profiled a camostat metabolite, FOY-251, and bromhexine hydrochloride, an FDA-approved mucolytic cough suppressant. The rank order potency for the compounds tested are nafamostat (IC50 = 0.27 nM), camostat (IC50 = 6.2 nM), FOY-251 (IC50 = 33.3 nM), and gabexate (IC50 = 130 nM). Bromhexine hydrochloride showed no inhibition of TMPRSS2. Further profiling of camostat, nafamostat, and gabexate against a panel of recombinant proteases provides insight into selectivity and potency.Coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated as COVID-19, is caused by a new strain of coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It started in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and by mid-March 2020, the disease had spread globally. As of July 17, 2020, this pandemic virus has infected 13.9 million people and claimed the life of approximately 593 000 people globally, and the numbers continue to climb. An unprecedented effort is underway to develop therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against this disease. Various drugs and vaccines are undergoing rapid development, and some of these are already in phase III clinical trials. Although Russia was the first to release a vaccine by skipping phase III clinical trials, there is no evidence of large-scale clinical trials, and the safety and efficacy of the vaccine are still a concern. Nevertheless, critical lessons can be learned and data garnered for developing promising vaccines against this rapidly emerging virus or other similar pathogens in the future. In this overview, we cover the available information on the various vaccine development initiatives by different companies, the potential strategies adopted for vaccine design, and the challenges and clinical impact expected from these vaccines. We also briefly discuss the possible role of these vaccines and the specific concerns for their use in patients with pre-existing disease conditions such as cardiovascular, lung, kidney, and liver diseases, cancer patients who are receiving immunosuppressive medications, including anticancer chemotherapies, and many other sensitive populations, such as children and the elderly.The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has led to several million confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. To support the ongoing research and development of COVID-19 therapeutics, this report provides an overview of protein targets and corresponding potential drug candidates with bioassay and structure-activity relationship data found in the scientific literature and patents for COVID-19 or related virus infections. Highlighted are several sets of small molecules and biologics that act on specific targets, including 3CLpro, PLpro, RdRp, S-protein-ACE2 interaction, helicase/NTPase, TMPRSS2, and furin, which are involved in the viral life cycle or in other aspects of the disease pathophysiology. We hope this report will be valuable to the ongoing drug repurposing efforts and the discovery of new therapeutics with the potential for treating COVID-19.Coronavirus is one of the causative agents for multiple human respiratory illnesses. A novel coronavirus, similar to the one that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, was identified as the cause of the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, this novel coronavirus has spread across the globe, with most identified COVID-19 cases and fatalities occurring in the United States. In this Perspective, we discuss coronavirus pathogenicity, conventional antiviral therapies, prophylactic strategies, and novel treatment strategies for COVID-19. We highlight the application of CRISPR technology as an emerging pan-antiviral therapy. We also discuss the challenges of in vivo delivery of CRISPR components and propose novel approaches to achieve selective delivery exclusively into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with high efficiency by hijacking the surface proteins of SARS-CoV-2.The introduction of nivolumab has changed the landscape of relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r cHL) treatment. Despite its clinical importance, this therapy may remain inaccessible for a significant number of patients worldwide, especially in low-income countries, due to its high cost. The results of pharmacokinetic analysis and clinical observations suggest the potential efficacy of low dose nivolumab in r/r cHL patients. The aim of this trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of nivolumab at a fixed dose of 40 mg in patients with r/r cHL. The study included 30 patients with r/r cHL, treated with 40 mg nivolumab every 2 weeks. The median dose of nivolumab per kilogram bodyweight was 0.59 mg/kg (0.4-1 mg/kg). Median follow up was 19.2 months (range 12.7-25.4). The objective response rate was 70%, with 13 (43.3%) patients achieving a complete response. Median PFS was 18.4 months (95% CI, 11.3 to 18.5 months) with 18-month PFS of 53.6% (95% CI, 32%-71%). At the time of analysis, 96.7% of patients were alive with a median OS not reached.