he thickness of the retina and total macular volume. The lack of improvements of visual acuity is most likely associated with a small amount of IVI.There are currently no reliable biomarkers for predicting the response to treatment of diabetic macula edema (DME).
  To asses the predictive role of neurodegenerative biomarker of the response to anti-VEGF therapy of DME.
 
  Examination and treatment was carried out on 14 patients (20 eyes) with DME. The eyes were divided into 2 groups by the type of diabetes 6 eyes with type 1 diabetes and 14 eyes with type 2 diabetes. The duration of diabetes was 16.5±7.9 years, the level of glycated hemoglobin was 8.4±2%. A number of indicators were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in order to determine the neurodegenerative biomarkers of the response to anti-VEGF treatment. All patients underwent standard loading course of Aflibercept (5 intravitreal injections).
 
  Significant improvement in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and decrease of central retinal thickness (CRT) was seen after the treatment course. Data analysis revealed a correlation between functional outcomes of the treatment, and the follokers of the response to the anti-VEGF drug therapy have been determined thickness of the peripapillary RNFL, GCL+ and GCL ++, as well as integrity of the ellipsoid zone.
  To evaluate the effectiveness of bony orbital decompression in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).
 
  The study analyzed 255 patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) and bony orbital decompression. Those among them who had DON as an indication for surgery were investigated further. Patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination, computer perimetry, color vision assessment using Ishihara tables, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), computed tomography (CT) of the orbit, and in some cases optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve.
 
  Final analysis included 31 patients (52 eyes). On 13 orbits, only lateral wall decompression was performed, and medial wall decompression was the only intervention in 7 orbits. In other cases, these techniques were performed either simultaneously - in 14 orbits, or alternately - in 18 orbits. In the postoperative period, all patients showed significant positive dynamics in terms of visual acuity, visual field, and proptosis. In all cases, decrease of the amount of orbital inflammation was observed. Exophthalmos significantly decreased after surgery and averaged 20.5±3.1 mm, which is 4.7 mm less than the initial one. All changes were statistically significant (
  <0.01).
 
  Bony orbital decompression is an effective and safe treatment option for DON resistant to high doses of glucocorticoids. In the vast majority of cases, this intervention is the only way to improve and stabilize visual function in this severe category of patients.
 Bony orbital decompression is an effective and safe treatment option for DON resistant to high doses of glucocorticoids.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/choline-hydroxide.html  In the vast majority of cases, this intervention is the only way to improve and stabilize visual function in this severe category of patients.
  To evaluate the relationship between the morphological and functional parameters of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors (PR) in inherited retinal diseases (IRD).
 
  The study included 52 patients (104 eyes), 23 of them with Stargardt Disease (STGD), 19 with cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), 10 with retinitis pigmentosa/pigmentary abiotrophy (RP) of comparable disease durations. All patients underwent standard and additional ophthalmological examination fundus autofluorescence (AF), spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT), computer perimetry (CP), electro-oculography (EOG), Ganzfeld electroretinography (gERG).
 
  Comparison of the groups of IRD patients and groups according to the degree of RPE damage with the control group revealed an increase in differences in the EOG and gERG indicators as the area and depth of damage to the RPE and PR progressed. The patterns of changes in RPE and PR, the frequency of their occurrence with IRD in this patient sample are described. A moderate correlation was foudern methods of retinal examination can help obtain complete and versatile picture of morphological and functional state of the retina in IDR that supplement each other. EOG and gERG have capability to determine the degree of RPE and PR functions impairment including those cases when morphological studies are not sufficiently informative.
  To investigate the features of various parameters of the density of retinal blood vessels, optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary region in hereditary optic neuropathy (HON) patients revealed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
 
  The study included 29 HON patients divided into three groups based on symptoms duration (less than 1 year; 1-5 years, more than 5 years) and visual acuity (0.5-1.0; 0.04-0.4; 0.03 and lower). Relative macular, optic disc and peripapillary vessel density (VD, %) was assessed by OCTA (xR Avanti, Optovue Inc., USA).
 
  Significant progressive VD reduction in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was detected in all parafovea sectors and in the temporal sector of perifovea over the course of disease progression. No significant differences of these parameters were found in correlation with visual acuity. Patients with VA of 0.5-1.0 turned out to have greater VD in deep capillary plexus (DCP), whereas no differences were found in relation to the duration of HON. A strong significant correlation between the SCP and DCP VD only in central foveal area was revealed in all groups depending on the VA and symptoms duration. Over the course of HON progression, VD in the temporal sector and in temporal segments of superior and inferior sectors has gradually reduced. In patients with VA of 0.5-1.0, the retinal nerve fibers layer (RNFL) thickness in the temporal sector and optic nerve VD was notably greater compared to patients with lower VA. The most significant correlation was established between VA and structural changes (K=0.75, 
  <0.001) and VD in the temporal sector (
  =0.57-0.61, 
  <0.001).
 
  The obtained data suggest that derivative microvascular changes play an active role in the clinical progression of the disease.
 The obtained data suggest that derivative microvascular changes play an active role in the clinical progression of the disease.