Burn scar and alopecia on hair bearing area can severely affect social life of the patients. Unlike healthy skin, poor biological and mechanical properties of scar tissue in the recipient area can reduce survival rate of hair graft following hair transplantation.
 
  Combined non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) and microfat injection could improve survival rate of hair grafts on post burn scar.
 
  Thirteen patients with alopecia resulting from burn scar in hair bearing area of the scalp and face were treated with combined NAFL and microfat graft and subsequently follicular unit extraction (FUE) hair transplantation. Cicatricial alopecia occurred on the scalp, eyebrow, mustache, and beard areas. Patients were treated with 3-6 sessions of NAFL, and-2-5 sessions of microfat graft injections, followed by one session of hair transplantation using FUE technique.
 
  Hair transplantation was successfully performed with good to excellent results. The survival rate of transplanted follicular units ranged from 76 to 95 percent (mean, 85.04%) and the density success rate per square centimeter ranged from 76.9 to 95.2 percent (mean, 84.54%). All patients expressed high satisfaction with the results and no complication was encountered.
 
  Hair transplantation, after combined NAFL and microfat injection is a promising treatment for post burn alopecia.
 Hair transplantation, after combined NAFL and microfat injection is a promising treatment for post burn alopecia.
  In addition to body contouring, there is anecdotal and supportive clinical evidence of reduced laxity and skin tightening after cryolipolysis. 10,11.
 
  The nature by which cryolipolysis triggers dermal changes has not been established. This study investigated fundamental mechanisms behind clinically observed dermal changes using molecular and immunohistochemistry methods.
 
  This feasibility study involved n=7 subjects that received cryolipolysis treatment. Tissue samples were harvested from 3 days to 5 weeks after treatment. RNA-Sequencing examined differential gene expression of major collagens. RNA In Situ Hybridization (RNA-ISH) investigated the distribution of one of the gene markers for collagen Type I (COL1A1). Immunohistochemistry for Procollagen Type I, heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β and Tropoelastin was performed and quantified.
 
  Gene expression analysis highlighted a gradual upregulation of collagen mRNA genes. RNA-ISH confirmed upregulation of COL1A1 mRNA ang process driven by increased TGF-β and higher expression of HSP47 was observed. Overall, these data provide the first evidence of dermal remodeling and clarify the mechanism by which cryolipolysis may induce skin improvement.A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was how efficacious are Octreotide and Somatostatin in the management of chylothorax in congenital cardiac surgical patients. Altogether >55 papers were found using the reported search, of which 8 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. The comparative data on LOS and chylothorax duration are mixed though interpretation is difficult since Octreotide has been instituted belatedly from the onset of chylothorax in multiple instances. There is also preliminary evidence to suggest that responders to Somatostatin and Octreotide are affected by single-ventricle physiology and CVP levels. Meanwhile, non-responders tend to have higher mortality and may merit earlier surgical intervention.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/peg300.html  The included studies thus far have significant limitations such as low-level evidence study design, selection bias, variability in duration and dosage of therapy and heterogenous comparative arms. Notwithstanding these limitations, Octreotide has shown to be an useful adjunct treatment in reducing chylothorax volume especially in patients with higher output chylothorax (>40 ml/kg/h) after the failure of conservative management.
  The objective of this study was to determine the variation in intrapleural pressure (IPP) with and without air leakage using a digital chest drainage system (DCS) for each pressure setting.
 
  In this retrospective single-centre study, we analysed 49,553 h of air leakage after anatomical lung resection in 714 patients between 2018 and 2020. The transition of mean IPP and mean air leak flow was monitored using DCS, and the association between mean IPP and mean air leak flow was examined. The relationship between the transition of mean IPP and air leakage according to the varying suction pressures on DCS was also investigated.
 
  Overall, 272 patients (38.1%) showed air leakage after surgery. The mean IPP in patients without air leakage was -12.0 ± 2.9 cmH2O and maintained at about -12 cmH2O constantly, while the mean IPP in patients with air leakage was -8.3 ± 1.9 cmH2O, which changed to -12 cmH2O instantly if air leakage disappeared (P < 0.001). Among patients with air leakage, the mean IPP changed more distinctly in patients with mild suction management than in those with conventional suction management (-5.0 ± 2.6 to -11.5 ± 4.2 and -8.8 ± 1.3 to -12.1 ± 2.5 cmH2O, respectively; P < 0.001).
 
  The change in IPP on a DCS is useful for detecting air leakage. Furthermore, management with a mild suction setting on DCS makes it easy to recognize the disappearance of postoperative air leakage.
 The change in IPP on a DCS is useful for detecting air leakage. Furthermore, management with a mild suction setting on DCS makes it easy to recognize the disappearance of postoperative air leakage.
  Homografts are often in short supply. Today, European guidelines recommend that all tissues contaminated by any of 18 different bacteria and fungi be discarded before antibiotic decontamination has been conducted. The tissue bank in Lund uses more liberal protocols It accepts all microbes prior to decontamination except multiresistant microbes and Pseudomonas species. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of contamination on the long-term outcome and occurrence of endocarditis in recipients.
 
  Data were collected on homografts and on recipients of homografts in the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract who were operated on between 1995 and 2018 in Lund. The long-term outcome of recipients was analysed in relation to different types of contamination using Cox proportional hazard regression. The proportion of patients with endocarditis was analysed with the χ2 test.
 
  The study included 509 implanted homografts. Follow-up was a maximum of 24 years and 99% complete. A total of 156 (31%) homografts were contaminated prior to antibiotic decontamination.