https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rki-1447.html 05). XPS resulted in less apical canal transportation and a higher remaining dentin thickness toward the RG compared to PTN in lingual canals (P<0.05). XPS revealed fewer changes in root canal geometry as well as lower transportation and a greater remaining dentin thickness in the lingual canals toward the RG compared to PTN. Internal and external anatomical characteristics of mandibular premolars might have an influence on biomechanical preparation. Considering the risk of perforation, the canal preparation using XPS appears to be more conservative compared to PTN. Internal and external anatomical characteristics of mandibular premolars might have an influence on biomechanical preparation. Considering the risk of perforation, the canal preparation using XPS appears to be more conservative compared to PTN. There are risks to both patients and electrophysiology providers from radiation exposure from fluoroscopic imaging, and there is increased interest in fluoroscopic reduction. We review the imaging tools, their applications, and current uses to eliminate fluoroscopy. Multiple recent studies provide supporting evidence for the transition to fluoroscopy-free techniques for both ablations and device implantation. The most frequently used alternative imaging approaches include intracardiac echocardiography, cardiac MRI guidance, and 3D electroanatomic mapping systems. Electroanatomic mapping and intracardiac echocardiography originally used to augment fluoroscopy imaging are now replacing the older imaging technique. The data supports that the future of electrophysiology can be fluoroscopy-free or very low fluoroscopy for the vast majority of cases. As provider and institution experience grows with these techniques, many EP labs may choose to completely forego the use of fluoroscopy. Trainees will benefit from early experience with these techniques. Multiple recent studies provide supporting evidence for the transition