A positive apprehension test at 0°, 45°, and 90° of abduction revealed significant association with off-track lesions, glenoid bone losses greater than 13.5%, and bipolar bone lesions. Shoulders classified as off-track were 36.4 times more likely to test positive at 0°, 45°, and 90° than on-track shoulders. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the positive apprehension test at 0°, 45°, and 90° of abduction seems to be more influenced by off-track lesions than by glenoid bone loss greater than the 13.5% threshold. Shoulders with a positive apprehension test at 0°, 45°, and 90° are significantly associated with off-track lesions, bipolar bone lesions, and glenoid bone losses greater than 13.5%. Shoulders with a positive apprehension test at 0°, 45°, and 90° are significantly associated with off-track lesions, bipolar bone lesions, and glenoid bone losses greater than 13.5%. Surgeons differ in their preferences concerning the best surgical technique for treating shoulder instability in sportspeople. The purpose was to evaluate the risk of recurrence and the likelihood of return to sport for the 2 principal shoulder stabilization techniques used to treat shoulder instability in sportspeople. We screened sportspeople who had undergone shoulder stabilization for inclusion in this cohort study. For eligibility, patients had to have undergone surgery by one of the 2 techniques Latarjet or arthroscopic Bankart between 2005 and 2011, and aged from 18 to 35 years. We excluded acromioclavicular dislocation, tendinous lesion, global or posterior instability, bone fracture or severe glenoid bone loss, neurological lesion, other surgical technique, and orthopedic treatment. Patients were contacted by telephone between 2009 and 2012 and asked to participate in follow-up after surgery. The primary endpoint was recurrence, evaluated by determining frequency and time to recurrence (or censorto sport (training, competition) and a faster return to training for sportspeople practicing potentially risky sports in competition. https://www.selleckchem.com/peptide/box5.html Age was also identified as an additional risk factor for recurrence. It is important to take these factors into account when considering the indications for surgery. The Latarjet surgical technique results in fewer recurrences than the Bankart technique, with a higher rate of return to sport (training, competition) and a faster return to training for sportspeople practicing potentially risky sports in competition. Age was also identified as an additional risk factor for recurrence. It is important to take these factors into account when considering the indications for surgery. Upregulated glucose metabolism is a common feature of tumors. Glucose can be broken down by either glycolysis or the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP). The relative usage within tumors of these catabolic pathways remains unclear. Similarly, the extent to which tumors make biomass precursors from glucose, versus take them up from the circulation, is incompletely defined. We explore human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metabolism by isotope tracing with [1,2- C]glucose, a tracer that differentiates glycolytic versus oxPPP catabolism and reveals glucose-driven anabolism. Patients enrolled in clinical trial NCT03457779 and received IV infusion of [1,2- C]glucose during core biopsy of their primary TNBC. Tumor samples were analyzed for metabolite labeling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Genomic and proteomic analyses were performed and related to observed metabolic fluxes. TNBC ferments glucose to lactate, with glycolysis dominant over the oxPPP. Most ribose phosphate is nevertheless produced by oxPPP. Glucose also feeds amino acid synthesis, including of serine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, proline and glutamine (but not asparagine). Downstream in glycolysis, tumor pyruvate and lactate labeling exceeds that found in serum, indicating that lactate exchange via monocarboxylic transporters is less prevalent in human TNBC compared with most normal tissues or non-small cell lung cancer. Glucose directly feeds ribose phosphate, amino acid synthesis, lactate, and the TCA cycle locally within human breast tumors. Glucose directly feeds ribose phosphate, amino acid synthesis, lactate, and the TCA cycle locally within human breast tumors. Development of an effective vaccine against the pathogenic blood-stage infection of human malaria has proved challenging, and no candidate vaccine has affected blood-stage parasitemia following controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with blood-stage . We undertook a phase I/IIa clinical trial in healthy adults inthe United Kingdom of the RH5.1 recombinant protein vaccine, targeting the reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (RH5), formulated in AS01 adjuvant. We assessed safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy against blood-stage CHMI. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02927145. The RH5.1/AS01 formulation was administered using a range of RH5.1 protein vaccine doses (2, 10, and 50μg) and was found to besafe and well tolerated. A regimen using a delayed and fractional third dose, in contrast to three doses given at monthly intervals, led to significantly improved antibody response longevity over ∼2 years of follow-up. Following primary and secondary CHMI of vaccinees with blood-stage , a significant reduction in parasite growth rate was observed, defining a milestone for the blood-stage malaria vaccine field. We show that growth inhibition activity measured using purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody strongly correlates with reduction of the parasite growth rate and also identify other antibody feature sets by systems serology, including the plasma anti-RH5 IgA1 response, that are associated with challenge outcome. Our data provide a new framework to guide rational design and delivery of next-generation vaccines to protect against malaria disease. This study was supported by USAID, UK MRC, Wellcome Trust, NIAID, and the NIHR Oxford-BRC. This study was supported by USAID, UK MRC, Wellcome Trust, NIAID, and the NIHR Oxford-BRC.