https://www.selleckchem.com/products/brensocatib.html © 2020, Shah et al.Linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (LREfs) carrying optrA are increasingly reported globally from multiple sources, but we lack a comprehensive analysis of human and animal optrA-LREfs strains. To assess if optrA is dispersed in isolates with varied genetic backgrounds or with common genetic features, we investigated the phylogenetic structure, genetic content [antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence, prophages, plasmidome] and optrA-containing platforms of 27 publicly available optrA-positive E. faecalis genomes from different hosts in seven countries. At the genome-level analysis, an in-house database with 64 virulence genes was tested for the first time. Our analysis showed a diversity of clones and adaptive gene sequences related to a wide range of genera from Firmicutes. Phylogenies of core and accessory genomes were not congruent, and at least PAI-associated and prophage genes contribute to such differences. Epidemiologically unrelated clones (ST21, ST476-like and ST489) obtained from human cligions and might explain the easy de novo generation of optrA-positive strains. It also anticipates a dramatic increase of optrA carriage and spread with a serious impact on the efficacy of linezolid for the treatment of Gram-positive infections.In this work we compared the most frequently used Klebsiella pneumoniae typing methods PFGE, cgMLST and coreSNP. We evaluated the discriminatory power of the three methods to confirm or exclude nosocomial transmission on K. pneumoniae strains isolated from January to December 2017, in the framework of the routine surveillance for multidrug-resistant organisms at the San Raffaele Hospital, in Milan. We compared the results of the different methods to the results of epidemiological investigation. Our results showed that cgMLST and coreSNP are more discriminant than PFGE, and that both approaches are suitable for transmission analyses. cgMLST appeared t