https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rp-102124.html Glutamine supplementation reduced markers of gut permeability in growth-retarded yaks. The GRY and Gln2 groups were selected to study the gastrointestinal barrier function. Growth-retarded yaks fed Gln2 showed higher (P  less then  0.05) height and surface area of ruminal papillae as compared to GRY. A similar trend of height and surface area in jejunal villus was found between GRY and Gln2 groups. The Gln2 increased (P  less then  0.05) the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A in jejunum and ileum of growth-retarded yaks. The rumen and jejunum of Gln2 yaks exhibited lower (P  less then  0.05) interleukin-1β and higher (P  less then  0.05) interleukin-10 mRNA expressions. Growth-retarded yaks fed Gln2 increased (P  less then  0.05) the expressions of claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the rumen and jejunum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Gln could improve the gastrointestinal barrier function and promote the compensatory growth of growth-retarded yaks.On-farm practices like premature weaning and frequent regrouping induce stress to pigs. Early socialization or environmental enrichment in piglets reduce weaning stress, as suggested in previous studies. Little research with both effects and in commercial settings was found. The aim was to investigate the effects of preweaning socialization and environmental enrichment on life-long performance in 661 Danbred pigs. Two treatments were distinguished during the suckling period control (CON, 24 litters) and enriched (ENR, 24 litters). Control piglets were raised in barren farrowing pens; ENR piglets were provided with six enrichment objects from birth, and two neighboring litters were socialized from Day (D) 14. Pigs were regrouped on D25 (weaning) and D71 (fattening), while keeping the same treatment. Individual body weight was recorded on D1, 14, 23, 27, 31, 38, 69, 79, and after slaughter (carcass weight, CW). Pigs were slaughtered in si