6% of bladder cancer and 5.6% of prostate cancer samples. Prostate-specific antigen marker showed positive results in 94.4% of prostate cancer samples, but no positivity was evident in those of bladder cancer.
 
  A panel of immunohistochemical stains can be used to differentiate high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma from urothelial bladder carcinoma in those cases which are challenging to diagnose.
 A panel of immunohistochemical stains can be used to differentiate high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma from urothelial bladder carcinoma in those cases which are challenging to diagnose.
  Nowadays, actin-binding proteins such as Villin and Gelsolin have been considered to be associated with aggressive tumors. This study mainly aims to determine the relationship between Gelsolin and Villin genes expression and metastasis of axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer.
 
  The included population consisted of 40 confirmed cases of female breast cancer (including 20 patients with breast cancer along with axillary lymph node metastasis and 20 patients without axillary lymph node metastasis). Expression of Villin and Gelsolin genes was evaluated using Real-time PCR and pre-designed primers.
 
  The mean expression level of Villin in groups with and without axillary lymph node metastasis was 3.33±1.35 and 0.87±0.88, respectively (
  <0.001). The mean Gelsolin expression levels in both groups (with and without axillary lymph node metastasis) were 4.13±2.40 and 1.00±0.35, respectively (
  <0.001). The significant relationships were independent of individuals' age.
 
  Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis may express significant higher level of Villin and Gelsolin genes.
 Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis may express significant higher level of Villin and Gelsolin genes.
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Similar to the global studies, different prevalence rates of this viral infection have been reported in Iran. Therefore, we aimed to report the prevalence of this virus and its significance in HNSCC patients.
 
  Patients who were referred to the five hospitals of Tehran city from May 2018 to May 2019 were enrolled in this study. All patients were diagnosed with HNSCC based on pathologic study. The pathologic disease staging was defined, and DNAs were extracted from the fresh tissue samples via kits. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV positive samples were evaluated for determining genotypes and data analysis.
 
  Of the 46 patients, three patients (6.5%) showed positive HPV results with the following subtypes 18 (in two patients), 52 (in three patients), 61 (in two patients), 67, and 73.Comparison of variables between the groups with and without HPV showed a significant difference based on the tumor's lymphatic invasion (
  =0.041), peripheral lymph node involvement (
  =0.008), and histologic grade (
  =0.011), but no statistically significant difference in terms of other variables such as age, primary tumor site, size, pathologic stage, vascular or perineural invasion, metastasis, smoking, and alcohol consumption was found.
 Of the 46 patients, three patients (6.5%) showed positive HPV results with the following subtypes 18 (in two patients), 52 (in three patients), 61 (in two patients), 67, and 73.Comparison of variables between the groups with and without HPV showed a significant difference based on the tumor's lymphatic invasion (P=0.041), peripheral lymph node involvement (P=0.008), and histologic grade (P=0.011), but no statistically significant difference in terms of other variables such as age, primary tumor site, size, pathologic stage, vascular or perineural invasion, metastasis, smoking, and alcohol consumption was found.Molecular assays for detection of nucleic acids in biologic specimens are valuable diagnostic tools supporting clinical diagnoses and therapeutic decisions. Pre-analytical errors, which occur before or during processing of nucleic acid extraction, contribute a significant role in common errors that take place in molecular laboratories. Certain practices in specimen collection, transportation, and storage can affect the integrity of nucleic acids before analysis. Applying best practices in these steps, helps to minimize those errors and leads to better decisions in patient diagnosis and treatment. Widely acceptable recommendations, which are for optimal molecular assays associated with pre-analytic variables, are limited.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-3827.html  In this article, we have reviewed most of the important issues in sample handling from bed to bench before starting molecular tests, which can be used in diagnostic as well as research laboratories. We have addressed the most important pre-analytical points in performing molecular analysis in fixed and unfixed solid tissues, whole blood, serum, plasma, as well as most of the body fluids including urine, fecal and bronchial samples, as well as prenatal diagnosis samples.
  To compare the acute effects of a single dose of beetroot juice (BJ) with different concentrations of nitrate (NO
  
  ) on heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal hypertensive women.
 
  Thirteen hypertensive postmenopausal women (58.1±4.6 years of age and 27±4kg/m
  of BMI) completed the protocol that consisted of three visits with different beverage intakes in a randomized and crossover design. The three beverages were BJ with a high content of nitrate (high-NO
  
  ), BJ with a low content of nitrate (low-NO
  
  ), and an orange flavored non-caloric drink (OFD). Heart rate (HR) were evaluated during 20min after sitting rest at 720 a.m. (baseline), after they drank one of the drinks, and remained at sitting rest for 120min and then performed 40min of aerobic exercise at 65-70% of the HR reserve on a treadmill. HR was recorded for 90min after exercise for time, frequency, and non-linear domains of HRV index analysis.
 
  Two-way ANOVA showed that there were no interaction effects (time∗sessions) in any of the HRV indexes after exercise in all three sessions. HRV indexes increased after exercise (
  = <0.05) similarly in all three sessions when compared with the baseline time point.
 
  Therefore, a single dose of BJ, independent of NO
  
  content, does not change aerobic exercise-mediated responses in HRV indexes in hypertensive postmenopausal women.
 Therefore, a single dose of BJ, independent of NO3- content, does not change aerobic exercise-mediated responses in HRV indexes in hypertensive postmenopausal women.