According to the phytochemical analysis, the SMGC is rich in Tannins and Saponins. Antioxidant values, p53 and Bax genes expression, inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, body weight, serum glucose, and morphometrical features were increased significantly (except insulin and FRAP levels and Bcl2 gene expression which were decreased) in diabetic group compared to the control group (  < 0.05). Also, evaluated parameters were reduced significantly (except insulin and FRAP levels and Bcl2 gene expression which were increased) in SMGC and diabetic + SMGC groups in comparison with the diabetic group (  < 0.05). These findings revealed that the SMGC attenuates blood glucose levels in diabetic animals and also eliminates destructive effects of DM on liver through antioxidant features. These findings revealed that the SMGC attenuates blood glucose levels in diabetic animals and also eliminates destructive effects of DM on liver through antioxidant features. The pharmacological treatment for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is continuous and adherence to medication is critical for disease control. Restricted access to medicines is one of the most important barriers to adherence to T2DM treatment. This study aimed to evaluate other factors for medication non-adherence by studying patients with full access to oral hypoglycemic agents. Cross-sectional study with 300 patients receiving their medication without costs from a referral center for diabetes care in Crato, Ceará (Brazil). Participants were recruited from January to December 2017. Information was obtained by self-applied questionnaires, and the drugs used were confirmed in the prescription. Adherence to medication was determined by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). Patient perceptions of drugs were assessed by the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). Only 22.7% of participants met the criterion of high adherence to medication. The most frequent characteristics in the low adherence group were married; hypertension; no regular physical activity; therapy based on the combination of two or more oral antidiabetic agents without insulin; low score in the BMQ necessity scale. Necessity score in BMQ increased with age and the number of medications used and decreased if the patient had family members with the same disease and had children. Full access to medicines did not assure high adherence to pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Distinctive factors to medication non-adherence may be found and specific barriers should be considered when planning actions for improving adherence in such populations. Full access to medicines did not assure high adherence to pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Distinctive factors to medication non-adherence may be found and specific barriers should be considered when planning actions for improving adherence in such populations. Type 2diabetes(T2D) is one of the more common diseases in the world and has been widely spread. One of the suggested mechanisms in development of T2D, is mitochondrial dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two endurance training protocols with low and moderate intensity on biogenesis and mitochondrial function, in Diabetic mice induced by high fat diet and Streptozotocin(STZ). 40 five week old mice divided to four groups including health control (HC, n = 7), diabetic control (DC, n = 7), low endurance training (DLT, n = 7) and moderate endurance training (DMT, n = 7). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Eloxatin.html DMT group ran at 5m/min for an hour, 3 days a week on a treadmill, and DLT group ran at 3m/min for an hour, 5 days a week on a treadmill for 8 weeks. The cytosolic content of PGC1α, Tfam and mitochondrial content of citrate synthase(Cs) and cytochrome c oxidase(Cox) in DC was significantly reduced compared to HC(P˂0.05). All of the parameters except for Cs in both DLT and DMT were increased compared to DC (P˂0.05), but there was no difference between them and the HC (P˃0.05). There was no difference in Cs enzyme between the DC and the DLT(P˃0.05), but it was significantly increased in the DMT(P˂0.05). There was a significantly difference between Cs enzyme in HC and DLT(P˂0.05), but there wasn't any significant difference between HC and DMT(P˃0.05). The results showed that in same volume condition, both endurance training protocols improved the proteins involved in biogenesis and mitochondrial function in T2D mice and there was no significant difference between them. The results showed that in same volume condition, both endurance training protocols improved the proteins involved in biogenesis and mitochondrial function in T2D mice and there was no significant difference between them. This study aims to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on gene expression of ( ) and serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor/ sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1/ rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma 1 (VEGF/Spred-1/Raf-1) proteins effective in cardiac tissue angiogenesis of diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic with HIIT training (DT), and healthy with HIIT training (HT). HIIT was performed 6days per week for 6weeks (with the overload). Diabetes was induced via the combination of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and high-fat foods. Diabetes remarkably diminished the expressions of , VEGF and Raf-1 proteins, and augmented Spred-1 expression. Meanwhile, the implementation of HIIT gave rise to a significant enhancement in expression of heart tissue (  < 0.01), and subsequently increased the expression of VEGF and Raf-1 proteins (  < 0.01), and declined Spred-1 expression (  < 0.01) in the training group compared to the control group. The results of this study show that HIIT increases the expression of by activating the angiogenesis pathway of the heart tissue. Increased angiogenesis through the pathway is vital to compensate for heart destruction induced by diabetes. Thus, the use of standard interval exercise can be introduced as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy. The results of this study show that HIIT increases the expression of miR-126 by activating the angiogenesis pathway of the heart tissue. Increased angiogenesis through the miR-126 pathway is vital to compensate for heart destruction induced by diabetes. Thus, the use of standard interval exercise can be introduced as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.