didiasis and urinary tract infection occurred more often in women receiving astodrimer.
 
  Astodrimer 1% Gel, administered every second day for 16 weeks, was effective and superior to placebo for prevention of recurrent bacterial vaginosis in women with a history of recurrent BV, and was well-tolerated.
 Astodrimer 1% Gel, administered every second day for 16 weeks, was effective and superior to placebo for prevention of recurrent bacterial vaginosis in women with a history of recurrent BV, and was well-tolerated.
  Gentle and precise tissue dissection reduces collateral tissue damage and preserves its structural quality for optimizing healing. This is particularly true for peripheral nerve neurorrhaphy. Axon regeneration kinetics across the repair is dependent on the amount of intraneural fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether scalpel blade smoothness was a deterministic factor in the kinetics of postneurorrhaphy peripheral axon regeneration.
 
  Scalpel transection of the saphenous nerve was performed in 18 female Hartley guinea pigs either by a standard #15 stainless steel scalpel blade or a highly polished version of the same blade. Compound nerve action potential recordings and histochemical assay of neurofilament density proximal and 1 cm distal to the site of nerve transection were quantified postneurorrhaphy at postoperative weeks 5, 9, and 12.
 
  There was no action potential transmission observed in the distal axons immediately after neurorrhaphy. A substantial acceleration of axonal conduction recovery was observed in nerves transected with polished scalpel blades observed by high compound nerve action potential amplitudes at postneurorrhaphy weeks 5 and 9 (P < .05). In addition, an increased recovery of intra-axonal neurofilament density in nerves transected with polished scalpel blades was observed by postoperative week 5 (P < .05).
 
  The quality of the scalpel blade is an important determinate of postsurgical healing. Gentle handling of tissue matters.
 The quality of the scalpel blade is an important determinate of postsurgical healing. Gentle handling of tissue matters.
  Brachial plexus injury (BPI) patients use on-line groups for peer support, often seeking information from Facebook groups devoted to BPI. We hypothesized that a qualitative thematic analysis of posts from BPI Facebook groups would demonstrate the areas in which patients were seeking information regarding treatment of BPI and reveal potential sources of misinformation that patients may encounter.
 
  We identified the 2 most popular public Facebook groups for BPI by searching key words "traumatic brachial plexus injury." We selected posts containing comments regarding BPI from November 1, 2018 through October 31, 2019. We excluded posts regarding brachial plexus birth injury. We used iterative inductive and deductive thematic analysis for the qualitative data to identify recurring topics, knowledge gaps, potential roles of patient educational interventions, and patient interaction dynamics. Two investigators independently coded all posts and resolved discrepancies by discussion.
 
  A total of 7,694 posts from 2atient encounters to address neuropathic pain that commonly occurs with BPI.
 
  Brachial plexus injury surgeons should be aware of information, misinformation, and opinions on social media, because these may influence patientesurgeon interactions.
 Brachial plexus injury surgeons should be aware of information, misinformation, and opinions on social media, because these may influence patientesurgeon interactions.
  Increasing emphasis has been placed on multidisciplinary care for patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI), and there has been a growing appreciation for the impact of psychological and emotional components of recovery. Because surgeons are typically charged with leading the recovery phase of BPI, our objective was to build a greater understanding of surgeons' perspectives on the care of BPI patients and potential areas for improvement in care delivery.
 
  We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 14 surgeons with expertise in BPI reconstruction. The interview guide contained questions regarding the surgeons' practice and care team structure, their attitudes and approaches to psychological and emotional aspects of recovery, and their preferences for setting patient expectations. We used inductive thematic analysis to identify themes.
 
  There was a high degree of variability in how surgeons addressed emotional and psychological aspects of recovery. Whereas some surgeons embraced the ch to the care of these patients.
 Best practices for BPI care are difficult to establish because of the relative heterogeneity of neurologic injury, the unpredictable impact and recovery of the patient, and the substantial variability in physician approach to the care of these patients.
  Enthusiasm for peripheral nerve transfers increased over the past several years, but further studies are still needed to establish the role of these procedures in peripheral nerve reconstruction.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tak-981.html  The primary goal of this study was to describe the frequency of nerve transfer surgery among newly trained orthopedic surgeons.
 
  We queried the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II case log database for all nerve reconstruction Current Procedural Terminology codes for examination years 2004 to 2018 for surgeries performed between 2003 and 2017. Information collected for each patient included examination year, year of surgery, surgeon fellowship training subspecialty, geographic region (as defined by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II case log database), patient age, and patient sex.
 
  A total of 3,359 nerve reconstruction cases were logged by 1,542 individual candidates from examination years 2004 to 2018. Of the nerve reconstruction codes, 2.1% were nerve transfer codes. There was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of nerve transfer codes over the study period, from 0% of nerve reconstruction codes in examination years 2004 to 2006 to 4.1% of nerve reconstruction codes in examination years 2016 to 2018 (Z = -6.82; 
  < .001).
 
  There has been an increase in the number of nerve transfer procedures relative to all nerve reconstruction codes for peripheral nerve conditions.
 
  There is a modest but significant increase in nerve transfer procedures over time among newly trained orthopedic surgeons, which suggests the need for long-term outcomes studies for nerve transfers procedures performed in the setting of peripheral nerve conditions.
 There is a modest but significant increase in nerve transfer procedures over time among newly trained orthopedic surgeons, which suggests the need for long-term outcomes studies for nerve transfers procedures performed in the setting of peripheral nerve conditions.