The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon.  https://www.selleckchem.com/Akt.html  However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.The two approaches most often used for placing implants and trapeziometacarpal prostheses are the laterodorsal approach and the lateropalmar approach. The advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches are set out. Each one allows optimal joint exposure while preserving or repairing the peritrapezial musculotendinous structures. They allow the insertion of partial or total trapeziometacarpal implants and modern coupled trapeziometacarpal prostheses. Each approach must be practiced and mastered on cadaver specimens before being used for trapeziometacarpal surgery.
  The purpose of this expert review is to describe the role of medications for the chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia. Neoplasia is defined as precancerous lesions (e.g., adenoma and sessile serrated lesion) or cancer. The scope of this review excludes dietary factors and high-risk individuals with hereditary syndromes or inflammatory bowel disease.
 
  The best practice advice statements are based on a review of the literature to provide practical advice. A formal systematic review and rating of the quality of evidence or strength of recommendation were not performed. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 1 In individuals at average risk for CRC who are (1) younger than 70 years with a life expectancy of at least 10 years, (2) have a 10-year cardiovascular disease risk of at least 10%, and (3) not at high risk for bleeding, clinicians should use low-dose aspirin to reduce CRC incidence and mortality. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 2 In individuals with a history of CRC, clinicians should consider using aspirin to prevent recurrent duals with CRC and type 2 diabetes, clinicians may consider using metformin to reduce mortality. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 6 Clinicians should not use calcium or vitamin D (alone or together) to prevent colorectal neoplasia. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 7 Clinicians should not use folic acid to prevent colorectal neoplasia. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 8 In individuals at average risk for CRC, clinicians should not use statins to prevent colorectal neoplasia. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 9 In individuals with a history of CRC, clinicians should not use statins to reduce mortality.
  A non-endoscopic approach to Barrett's esophagus (BE) surveillance after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) would offer a less invasive method for monitoring. We assessed the test characteristics and cost-effectiveness of the Cytosponge (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) in post-RFA patients.
 
  We performed a multicenter study of dysplastic BE patients after at least one round of RFA. A positive Cytosponge before endoscopy was defined as intestinal metaplasia (IM) on cytological assessment and/or TFF3 immunohistochemistry. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. Multivariable regression was used to estimate the odds of a positive Cytosponge in BE. A microsimulation cost-effectiveness model was performed to assess outcomes of various surveillance strategies endoscopy-only, Cytosponge-only, and alternating endoscopy/Cytosponge.
 
  Of 234 patients, Cytosponge adequately sampled the distal esophagus in 175 (75%). Of the 142 with both endoscopic and histologic data, 19 (13%) had residual/recurrent BE. For detecting any residual Barrett's, Cytosponge had a sensitivity of 74%, specificity of 85%, accuracy of 84%, and ROC curve showed an area under the curve of 0.74. The adjusted odds of a positive Cytosponge in BE were 17.1 (95% CI, 5.2-55.9). Cytosponge-only surveillance dominated all the surveillance strategies, being both less costly and more effective. Cytosponge-only surveillance required <1/4
  the endoscopies, resulting in only 0.69 additional EAC cases/1000 patients, and no increase in EAC deaths when compared to currently-practiced endoscopy-only surveillance.
 
  A positive Cytosponge test was strongly associated with residual BE after ablation. While the assay needs further refinement in this context, it could serve as a cost-effective surveillance examination.
 A positive Cytosponge test was strongly associated with residual BE after ablation. While the assay needs further refinement in this context, it could serve as a cost-effective surveillance examination.Long-term spaceflight has always been challenging for astronauts due to the extremely complicated space environmental conditions, including microgravity, noise, confinement, and circadian rhythms disorders, which may cause adverse effects on astronauts' mental health, such as anxiety and depression. Unfortunately, so far, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Hence, a novel type of box and rat cage was designed and built in order to simulate complex space environment on the ground. After earth-based simulation for 21 days, the rats exhibited the depressive-like behavior according to the sucrose preference and forced swimming test. We applied label-free quantitative proteomics to explore the molecular mechanisms of depressive-like behavior through global changes in cortical protein abundance, given that the cortex is the hub of emotional management. The results revealed up-regulated spliceosome proteins in contrast to down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), glutamatergic, and GABAergic synapse related proteins in the simulated complex space environment (SCSE) group.