https://www.selleckchem.com/products/incb084550.html PSEN1-H163Y carriers, at the presymptomatic stage, have reduced FDG-PET binding in the cerebrum of the brain (Scholl et al., Neurobiol Aging 321388-1399, 2011). This could imply dysfunctional energy metabolism in the brain. In this study, plasma of presymptomatic PSEN1 mutation carriers was analyzed to understand associated metabolic changes. We analyzed plasma from noncarriers (NC, n=8) and presymptomatic PSEN1-H163Y mutation carriers (MC, n=6) via untargeted metabolomics using gas and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, which identified 1199 metabolites. All the metabolites were compared between MC and NC using univariate analysis, as well as correlated with the ratio of Aβ , using Spearman's correlation. Altered metabolites were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Based on principal component analysis the plasma metabolite profiles were divided into dataset A and dataset B. In dataset A, when comparing between presymptomatic MC and NC, the levels of 79 different ngs in this study need to be validated in a larger and independent Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD) cohort. Opioids are widely used as effective analgesics, but opioid sensitivity varies widely among individuals. The underlying genetic and nongenetic factors are not fully understood. Based on the results of our previous genome-wide association study, we investigated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the astrotactin 2 (ASTN2) gene on pain-related phenotypes in surgical patients. We investigated the effects of two SNPs, rs958804 T/C and rs7858836 C/T, of the ASTN2 gene on eight and seven pain-related phenotypes in 350 patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy (LAC) and 358 patients who underwent mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), respectively. In both surgical groups, intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was used for postoperative analgesia, and 24-hour postoperati