ly related to PTH levels, since in the presence of similar severe hyperphosphatemia, parathyroidectomy reduced the values of inflammatory parameters, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Reversible splenium lesions during febrile illness (RESLEF) are found in a spectrum. There are two types of corpus callosum (CC) lesions CC-only type, with limited lesions and the CC (+) type, with extensive white-matter lesions. This retrospective study aimed to describe the differences in clinical findings between CC-only and CC (+) lesions and the association between onset age and clinico-radiological features in RESLEF. Fifty-two episodes of CC-only or CC (+) lesions accompanied by neurological symptoms, e.g., seizures, delirious behavior (DB), and disturbance of consciousness (DC), from January 2008 to October 2019 were included. We analyzed the etiology (pathogen), clinical course, laboratory data, magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography findings, therapy, and prognosis. The rate of DC in the CC (+) was significantly higher than that in the CC-only group (5/6 [83%] vs 7/46 [15%]; p=0.0016). The median number of seizures in the CC (+) was also significantly higher than that in the CC-only group (4 [0-7] vs 0 [0-7]; p=0.034). Further, in RESLEF, the median onset age (months) in the seizure was significantly lower than that in the no-seizure group (39 [12-74] vs 83 [28-174]; p=0.0007). The median onset age (months) in the DB was significantly higher than that in the no-DB group (74.5 [26-174] vs 28 [12-139]; p=0.003). In RESLEF, CC (+) is a more severe neurological symptom than CC-only. Furthermore, the onset age is related to the type of neurological symptoms that appear. In RESLEF, CC (+) is a more severe neurological symptom than CC-only. Furthermore, the onset age is related to the type of neurological symptoms that appear. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a non-contact image processing technique for full-field strain measurement. Although DIC has been widely used in engineering and biomechanical fields, it is in the spotlight only recently in dental materials. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is introducing the working principle of the DIC technique with some modifications and providing further potential applications in various dental materials and related fields. The accuracy of the algorithm depending on the environmental characteristics of the DIC technique, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of strain measurement using optical measurements, have been elaborated in dental materials and related fields. Applications to those researches have been classified into the following categories shrinkage behavior of light-cured resin composite, resin-tooth interface, mechanical properties of tooth structure, crack extension and elastic properties of dental materials, and deformation of dental restoration and ping the full-field deformation/strain of dental materials and actual prostheses in diverse clinical conditions. The versatility of DIC can replace the existing complex sensor devices in those studies. DIC technique is a potential tool for measuring and predicting the full-field deformation/strain of dental materials and actual prostheses in diverse clinical conditions. The versatility of DIC can replace the existing complex sensor devices in those studies. Continuous efforts have been made to hasten the zirconia densification process without compromising properties. This study evaluated the long-term structural durability of microwave speed-sintered zirconia (MWZ) relative to a conventionally sintered zirconia (CZ). As-machined dental 3Y-TZP discs (Ø12 × 1.2 mm) were speed sintered at 1450 °C for 15 min using an industrial microwave oven, while conventional sintering was conducted in a standard dental furnace at 1530 °C for 2 h. Both were followed by natural cooling. The total sintering time was 105 min for MWZ and 600 min for CZ. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/aticaprant.html Groups were compared regarding density, grain size, phase composition, and fracture resistance. Structural durability was investigated employing two fatigue protocols, step-stress and dynamic fatigue. Compared to CZ, MWZ exhibited a slightly lower density (MWZ = 5.98 g/cm , CZ = 6.03 g/cm ), but significantly smaller grain sizes (MWZ = 0.53 ± 0.09 μm, CZ = 0.89 ± 0.10 μm), lower cubic-zirconia contents (MWZ = 15.3%, CZ = 22.7%), and poorer translucency properties (TP) (MWZ = 13 ± 1, CZ = 29 ± 0.8). However, the two materials showed similar flexural strength (MWZ = 978 ± 112 MPa, CZ = 1044 ± 161 MPa). Additionally, step-stress testing failed to capture the fatigue effect in 3Y-TZP, whereas dynamic fatigue revealed structural degradation due to moisture-assisted slow-crack-growth (SCG). Finally, MWZ possessed a slightly higher Weibull modulus (MWZ = 7.9, CZ = 6.7) but similar resistance to SCG (MWZ = 27.5, CZ = 24.1) relative to CZ. Dental 3Y-TZP with similar structural durability can be fabricated six-times faster by microwave than conventional sintering. Dental 3Y-TZP with similar structural durability can be fabricated six-times faster by microwave than conventional sintering.We contend that the exclusive focus on the English language in scientific research might hinder effective communication between scientists and practitioners or policy makers whose mother tongue is non-English. This barrier in scientific knowledge and data transfer likely leads to significant knowledge gaps and may create biases when providing global patterns in many fields of science. To demonstrate this, we compiled data on the global economic costs of invasive alien species reported in 15 non-English languages. We compared it with equivalent data from English documents (i.e., the InvaCost database, the most up-to-date repository of invasion costs globally). The comparison of both databases (~7500 entries in total) revealed that non-English sources (i) capture a greater amount of data than English sources alone (2500 vs. 2396 cost entries respectively); (ii) add 249 invasive species and 15 countries to those reported by English literature, and (iii) increase the global cost estimate of invasions by 16.6% (i.