Knowledge and positive attitudes were high in both countries (75.5% vs. 80.2%, p< 0.001 and 96.6% vs. 100%, p< 0.001). A substantial proportion of respondents held the perception that the local blood donation system was safe or very safe (26.4 and 61.4%, p< 0.001) that was linked to the misconception that the prevalent method of blood donation was voluntary nonremunerated (27.8 and 51.4%, p< 0.001). Concerns about receiving blood were underpinned by mistrust of transfusion-related procedures.
 
  A social interface to transfer information between blood transfusion services and the community could encourage voluntary nonremunerated blood donation and reduce concerns about receiving transfusion.
 A social interface to transfer information between blood transfusion services and the community could encourage voluntary nonremunerated blood donation and reduce concerns about receiving transfusion.A pair of novel fluorinated-benzimidazoisoquinoline regioisomers was synthesised and isolated. Initial structural characterisation and identification employed 1D proton, 1D carbon, correlated spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. However, the fluorinated regioisomers could not be differentiated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) alone. Density functional theory calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were used to completely characterise and identify the compounds.The neutralization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) with biopharmaceuticals is a successful therapy for inflammatory diseases. Currently, one of the main TNFα-antagonists is Etanercept, a dimeric TNF-R2 ectodomain. Considering that TNFα and its receptors are homotrimers, we proposed that a trimeric TNF-R2 ectodomain could be an innovative TNFα-antagonist. Here, the 3cTNFR2 protein was designed by the fusion of the TNF-R2 ectodomain with the collagen XV trimerization domain. 3cTNFR2 was produced in HEK293 cells and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Monomers, dimers, and trimers of 3cTNFR2 were detected.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nik-smi1.html  The interaction 3cTNFR2-TNFα was assessed. By microscale thermophoresis, the KD value for the interaction was 4.17 ± 0.88 nM, and complexes with different molecular weights were detected by size exclusion chromatography-high performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, 3cTNFR2 neutralized the TNFα-induced cytotoxicity totally in vitro. Although more studies are required to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect, the results suggest that 3cTNFR2 could be a TNFα-antagonist agent.
  Reliable biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and management in dogs with acute pancreatitis have not been described.
 
  To determine if serum concentrations of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used as biomarkers for disease progression in hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis.
 
  Thirteen hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis diagnosed based on clinical signs, serum cPLI concentrations, and imaging findings were enrolled.
 
  Serum cPLI and CRP concentrations were determined before and then daily during hospital management and 1week after hospital discharge. Modified canine activity index (MCAI) and canine acute pancreatitis clinical severity index (CAPCSI) scores were calculated daily for each patient while hospitalized.
 
  The MCAI scores (P=.03) but not CAPCSI scores (P=.31) were significantly different between dogs that survived to discharge (n=11) and those that did not (n=2). Serum cPLI concentration was positively correlated with MCAI (rho=0.42; P=.01). Serum CRP concentration also was positively correlated with the MCAI (rho=0.42, P=.01).
 
  Serum cPLI and possibly CRP could be used as objective biomarkers for clinical changes in hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis. Additional studies involving larger numbers of dogs would be warranted to evaluate the broader impact of these findings.
 Serum cPLI and possibly CRP could be used as objective biomarkers for clinical changes in hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis. Additional studies involving larger numbers of dogs would be warranted to evaluate the broader impact of these findings.Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease resulting from indefinite causes with very few limited, those too ineffective therapeutic options. Earlier evidence reported inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are the major threats in PF. The present study was aimed to examine the anti-fibrotic activity of silibinin (SB) in PF. PF was induced by administering oropharyngeal 1.5 mg/mice silica on day 1, followed by treatment with and without oral SB for 14 days. Lung injury was assessed by x-ray analysis on day 14 and all the animals were sacrificed on day 15. The results showed that silica remarkably altered the histoarchitecture and induced the expression of inflammatory components in BALF and pulmonary tissue. Immunoblotting investigation quantified the expression of TGF-β, p-smad2/3, collagen-I, fibronectin, and α-SMA in the pulmonary tissue. To this end, treatment with SB alleviated inflammatory components, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the fibrotic tissue. Moreover, SB harnessed the tissue architecture, improved diffusive scattering of x-ray signals, and modulated epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic alterations, including TGF-β, p-smad2/3, and collagen-I. Altogether, the significant reduction of inflammatory signaling, collagen deposition, and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation by SB suggested that it could be used as a potential therapeutic candidate to treat pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.The study analysed antenatal care (ANC) services usage trends related to exposure to mass media based upon data from three Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys [NDHS] conducted in 2006, 2011, and 2016. Total 12,212 women aged 15-49 having live births within five years preceding each survey included in the study. Most independent variables were found to be associated with utilisation of ANC services. For example, exposure to TV illustrated an increasing services trend. Seventy-three percent of the women had exposure to Radio followed by TV (65%), and newspaper (25%). All three media were significantly associated with ANC services in all surveys (p less then 0.05). High exposure to Newspapers were (2.5 times, 95%CI 1.93-3.19), Radio (1.3 times, 95%CI 1.13-1.46), and TV (1.6 times, 95%CI 1.36-1.76) more likely to result in adequate (≥4) ANC visits. Age and age at marriage; caste and educational status of women; place of residence; wealth status; and women's decision-making autonomy were significant predictors for adequate ANC visits.