The purpose of this article is to better understand how women who abuse substances perceive their interactions with police officers. Little is known about this topic and how these views affect the women themselves. This qualitative study, which collected data from twenty-five women in five focus groups, attempts to fill this gap. In these groups, women talked about their personal contacts with law enforcement, how they were potentially problematic, and how they believed these interactions could be improved. Suggestions for how practitioners and policy makers can address and potentially improve women's view of law enforcement are discussed.Aims. To compare short-term and long-term outcomes of preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) and percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) in patients with Klatskin tumor undergoing curative surgery. Methods. We conducted a search of electronic information sources to identify all studies comparing EBD and PBD in patients with Klatskin tumor undergoing curative surgery. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias observational studies. Random-effects or fixed-effects modeling was applied as appropriate to calculate pooled outcome data. Results. We identified 9 observational studies, enrolling a total of 1436 patients. The patients in the PBD group had more advanced disease than those in EBD group in terms of Bismuth-Corlette classification and tumor classification. EBD was associated with higher risks of postprocedural complications (odds ratio [OR] =2.24, P = .001), conversion to another drainage method (OR =11.16, P less then .00001), cholangitis (OR = 4.58, P less then .0001), and pancreatitis (OR = 8.90, P = .009) than PBD; there was no difference between the 2 methods in terms of technical success (OR = 0.79, P = .50) and tube dislocation (OR = 0.81, P = .54). Regarding the postoperative outcomes, there was no difference in terms of 30-day mortality (OR = 0.61, P = .16) and major postoperative complications (OR = 0.60, P = .06). Regarding the long-term outcomes, EBD was associated with lower risks of seeding metastasis (OR = 0.46, P = .0004) and 5-year recurrence (OR = 0.72, P = .010), and better 5-year survival (OR = 1.62, P = .001). Conclusions. EBD may be associated with higher procedure-related complications compared with PBD as a preoperative biliary drainage method in patients with Klatskin tumor undergoing curative surgery. The available evidence on long-term oncological and survival outcomes are subject to confounding by indication, and high-quality randomized controlled trials are required for definite conclusions.Purpose Prevalence and severity of respiratory disorders are very high among coal miners as continuous exposure of workers in such environment leads to accumulation of dust in the lungs. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of lung function impairment and to find whether there is any correlation between dust exposure duration and lung function indices.Materials and Methods Two hundred thirty (230) underground coal dust exposed workers and one hundred thirty (130) age matched nonexposed workers were recruited from an underground mine of West Bengal, India. Spirometry test was performed for lung function test and also basic information on personnel dust exposure, smoking and respiratory morbidity were collected. Student's t test, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), uncorrected Pearson's Chi square and Fischer's exact tests were performed for statistical analysis.Results Lung function indices were significantly (p  less then  0.050) impaired in between exposed (43.91%) and nonexposed group (23.85%). In addition, highly significant decrements in the pulmonary volumes of exposed subjects were also noted.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abc294640.html  Furthermore, a high negative correlation was observed between spirometric results and exposure time in exposed group than nonexposed group.Conclusion This study suggested a positive relationship between exposure time and lung function deterioration.ABSTRACTObjective Therapist interpersonal skills are foundational to psychotherapy. However, assessment is labor intensive and infrequent. This study evaluated if machine learning (ML) tools can automatically assess therapist interpersonal skills.Method Data were drawn from a previous study in which 164 undergraduate students (i.e., not clinical trainees) completed the Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS) task. This task involves responding to video vignettes depicting interpersonally challenging moments in psychotherapy. Trained raters scored the responses. We used an elastic net model on top of a term frequency-inverse document frequency representation to predict FIS scores.Results Models predicted FIS total and item-level scores above chance (rhos = .27-.53, ps less then .001), achieving 31-60% of human reliability. Models explained 13-24% of the variance in FIS total and item-level scores on a held out set of data (R2), with the exception of the two items most reliant on vocal cues (verbal fluency, emotional expression), for which models explained ≤1% of variance.Conclusion ML may be a promising approach for automating assessment of constructs like interpersonal skill previously coded by humans. ML may perform best when the standardized stimuli limit the "space" of potential responses (vs. naturalistic psychotherapy) and when models have access to the same data available to raters (i.e., transcripts).Empirical evidence provides support for the inclusion of yoga as part of eating disorder prevention efforts through its positive impact on positive embodiment and experience of positive core affect. However, there is a need to identify the specific instructional strategies that will more consistently support positive embodiment and positive affect. We examined the effect of teaching a single yoga class using mindfulness-based instruction compared to appearance-based and neutral instruction alternatives on embodiment (i.e., state body surveillance, state body appreciation, pleasure during yoga) and changes in affect from before to after class. Female participants (N = 62; Mage = 23.89, SD = 6.86) were randomly assigned to a yoga class that emphasized being mindfully present in one's body, changing one's appearance, or just getting into yoga poses. ANOVAs revealed significantly higher body surveillance (ηp2 =.10) and lower forecasted pleasure (ηp2 =.21) in the appearance class compared to the other two classes.