Solution pH is one of the major controlling factors limiting removal efficiency since most of the above-mentioned methods depend on complexation through electrostatic effects. The different features of two different As species make the selective removal process more difficult, especially under natural conditions. Most of the selective As removal methods involve hydrated Fe(III) oxides through Lewis acid-base interaction. Microbiological methods have been studied recently for selective removal of As, and although there have been only a small number of studies, the method shows remarkable results and indicates positive prospects for the future.Sediment serves as a sink for metals, thus it is critical to assess its contamination and associated risk. A typical riparian wetland close to a Zn-smelting operation in karst areas in southwest China was investigated. Sediment and reed plant (Phragmites australis) samples from wet and dry seasons were analyzed for total As, Cu, and Zn concentrations. Metal pollution in the sediment was assessed based on geoaccumulation index (Igeo). Further, metals in the sediment were fractionated into exchangeable, water and acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions based on the BCR sequential extraction. The results showed that the As, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the sediment were significantly higher than the background values (740-4081, 96-228, and 869-3331 vs. 10, 22, and 70 mg kg-1). With the Igeo being 10-17, the data indicate that the sediment was highly-polluted. While total As, Cu and Zn in the sediment increased from dry to wet season, their available concentrations decreased except Cu. With 62-94% of As, Cu, and Zn being in the residual fraction, metal availability in the sediment was low based on fractionation data. The data are consistent with low metal uptake by reed as their concentration ratios in plant roots to the sediment were 0.01-0.32. The results suggest that the riparian sediment was highly-polluted with As, Cu and Zn, but showing low metal availability and limited plant uptake.Although it is known that increases in ambient particulate matter (PM) levels are associated with elevated occurrence of adverse health outcomes, the understanding of the mechanisms of PM-related health effects is limited by our knowledge of how particle size and composition are altered subsequent to inhalation through respiratory-deposited processing. Here we present a particle-generated hydroxyl radical (·OH) study of the size-resolved particles as particles are inhaled in the human respiratory tract (RT), and we show that accumulation-mode particles are significant factors (71-75%) in ·OH generation of lung-deposited particles using Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model. The ability of PM to catalyze ·OH generation is mainly related to transition metals, particularly towards the upper regions of the RT (75%), and to quinones deeper in the lung (42-46%). Identification of this generation ability induced by chemical composition has shown that four potential sources (biomass burning, incomplete combustion, mobile & industry, and mineral dust) are responsible for ·OH generation. With ·OH-forming ability after PM inhalation implicated as the first step towards revealing the subsequent toxic processes, this work draws a connection between the detailed ·OH chemistry occurring on size-resolved particles and a possible toxicological mechanism based on chemical composition and sources.Pleiotropic intervention has prominent advantages for complex pathomechanisms, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a series of novel 3-(4-pyridyl)-5-(4- sulfamido-phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized following the multitarget-directed ligand-based strategy. All compounds were evaluated for glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibition and antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Given that abnormal glucose metabolism plays an important role in AD occurrence and development, the effects of all compounds on glucose consumption in HepG2 cells was evaluated.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bal-0028.html  Compounds 5e and 10b showed good dual potency in GSK-3β inhibition (IC50 5e = 1.52 μM, 10b = 0.19 μM) and antineuroinflammatory potency (IC50 5e = 0.47 ± 0.64 μM, 10b = 6.94 ± 2.33 μM). The effect of compound 10b on glucose consumption was higher than that of positive drug metformin. These compounds exerted a certain neuroprotective effect. Compound 10b dramatically reduced Aβ-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation, thus inhibiting GSK-3β at the cellular level. Notably, compounds 5e and 10b exhibited good inhibitory effects on the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, these compounds displayed proper blood-brain barrier permeability and lacked neurotoxicity up to 50 μM concentration. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that compound 10b improved cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced mouse models. Results indicated that compound 10b deserves further study as a multifunctional lead compound.
  Pregnancy has been demonstrated as a significant risk factor of splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) formation and rupture. However, prompt diagnosis of SAA rupture in a pregnant patient showing acute abdomen has been practically challenging in light of its rarity and vague initial presentation.
 
  A 40-year-old woman (gravida 1, para 0) at 35 weeks' gestation presented to the emergency department with upper abdominal pain and nausea. Because of fetal dysfunction, emergency caesarian section was performed by a Pfannenstiel incision. Following delivery, 400 g of hemorrhage was removed from the upper abdominal cavity. Computed tomography showed a 37-mm SAA associated with copious adjacent fluid. Although selective angiography did not demonstrate active extravasation, interventional isolation of the SAA was not performed because of multiple surrounding arteries. Relaparotomy with an upper midline incision was then performed. Sudden cardiac arrest occurred upon opening the lesser sac to irrigate clots, and cardiac massage and proximal and distal clamping of the SAA were required. Eventually, splenectomy with excision of the SAA and pancreatic tail was successfully performed, but gauze packing of the open surgical wound was required because of severe coagulopathy. Following removal of the packs and closure of the abdomen 2 days after splenectomy, the patient and infant satisfactorily recovered without sequelae.
 
  Given continual awareness of abdominal vascular collapse during pregnancy, undelayed diagnosis and safer intervention might be achieved.
 
  Awareness at initial presentation and multidisciplinary efforts might be essential to achieve maternal and fetal survival in SAA rupture during pregnancy.
 Awareness at initial presentation and multidisciplinary efforts might be essential to achieve maternal and fetal survival in SAA rupture during pregnancy.