The 2017 Canadian opioid Guideline made both strong recommendations, indicating that all or almost all fully informed patients would choose the recommended course of action, and weak recommendations, in which different choices are appropriate for individual patients based on their values and preferences. The Guideline's recommendation to taper legacy patients prescribed high-dose opioid therapy is weak, and mandatory tapering is expressly discouraged.Ischemic stroke, a leading cause of mortality, results in severe neurological outcomes in the patients. Effective stroke therapies may significantly decrease the extent of injury. For this purpose, novel and efficient drug delivery strategies need to be developed. Among a myriad of therapeutic and drug delivery techniques, exosomes have shown promising results in ischemic stroke either by their intrinsic therapeutic characteristics, which can result in angiogenesis and neurogenesis or by acting as competent, biocompatible drug delivery vehicles to transport neurotherapeutic agents into the brain. In this review, we have discussed different methods of exosome isolation and cargo loading techniques, advantages and disadvantages of using exosomes as a drug delivery carrier and the therapeutic applications of exosomes with a focus on the ischemic stroke therapy.Background We have recently developed a liposomal nanoparticle system that can be used for drug delivery and simultaneously be monitored by optical or photoacoustic imaging devices. Here we tested the efficacy of alendronate as a homing molecule in SM-liposomes for bone targeting. Methods Alendronate was immobilized covalently on the liposomal surface and the fluorescent dye indocyanine green was used as a payload in the liposomes. The indocyanine green delivery was analyzed by 3D optical tomography, optical fluorescence scanner, photoacoustic imaging, and by exvivo biodistribution studies. Results The results show that the alendronate coupled to the liposomal surface increases Sphingomyelin containing liposome targeting up to several fold. Conclusion The alendronate targeted liposomes open possibilities for an application in active bone targeting.Background Skin diseases affect all the age groups of people and have impact on patients' physical, mental and emotional status. Conventional topical preparation are limited with its efficacy due to low permeation, frequent application and poor adherence to the therapy for prolong time. Objective The objective of this review article is to address the emerging trends of nanotechnology derived lipidic carrier systems for effective treatment for skin disorders. Methodology Various research and review articles from reputed international journals were referred and compiled. Results and discussion Topical drug delivery systems are found to be more effective than oral and parenteral drug delivery systems for treating skin diseases due to targeted localized applications with reduced side effects. Lipid-based nanoparticles have been found to have the potential in treating skin diseases due to the biocompatibility and the versatility of the lipids. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have gained much attention in treating skin diseases due to improved stability of the drugs, enhanced skin permeation, retention, and better therapeutic efficacy. The review summarizes the NLCs characteristics and their application for topical delivery of various therapeutics in skin disorders. NLCs have shown great potential in the effective drug delivery for the treatment of psoriasis, dermatitis, bacterial infections, and skin cancer. Its cosmetic application has opened new area for skincare. Further, safety and clinical status revealed its future commercial acceptability. Conclusion NLCs have been found as effective lipid nanocarriers for delivery of topical therapeutics.Background The Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) study found that ticagrelor plus aspirin (TA) was more effective than clopidogrel plus aspirin (CA) without an increase of the risk of massive bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data from other studies indicate that the conclusion is controversial with the results obtained by PLATO. Aim To investigate the efficacy and safety of TA compared with CA in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after PCI. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to compare the efficacy and safety of CA and TA treatment in patients with ACS after PCI. The endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), death, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, and bleeding events. The data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software, and the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bb-94.html  Results 13 studies with a total of 58,his benefit, the risk of bleeding is significantly increased as well, and care should be taken when choosing antiplatelet drugs.Background Buccal delivery is an alluring course of organization for fundamental medication conveyance and it leads direct access to the systemic flow through the interior jugular vein sidesteps drugs from the hepatic first-pass digestion gives high bioavailability. Objective This article aims at buccal medication conveyance by discussing the structure and condition of the oral mucosa and the novel strategies utilized in evaluating buccal medication ingestion. Methods This review highlights the various pharmaceutical approaches for buccal delivery such as buccal tablets, buccal lozenges, buccal micro/nanoparticle, wafer and semisolid dosage forms like chewing gums, buccal patch, buccal gel or ointment and some buccal liquid dosage forms like buccal solutions and buccal sprays and recent patents filed or granted for these approaches. Results Recently, some patents are also reported where a combination of various approaches is being employed to achieve very effective mucosal delivery. The various patent search sites were used to collect and analyze the information on buccal drug delivery systems. Conclusion The present study provides valuable information, advantages, limitations and future outlook of various buccal drug delivery systems.