In conclusion, we developed a rodent model of chemical castration that can be used as an alternative to surgical castration. Moreover, the transient nature of the intervention enables to study the effects of delayed puberty and reversibility of sex steroid deficiency.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a rodent model of chemical castration, which can be used as an alternative to surgical castration. Moreover, the transient nature of the intervention enables to study the effects of delayed puberty and reversibility of sex steroid deficiency.The current manuscript presents a study that examines contextual factors that can explain two distinct types of viewer responses to death in narratives.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-3827.html  Using procedures developed in past research, we explore why some narrative character deaths elicit poignant, eudaimonic responses while others elicit joyful, hedonic responses. We incorporate a control group to examine whether freely-recalled memorable deaths are more closely associated with feelings of meaning or pleasure. Results suggest that meaningful deaths lead to appreciation; befall liked, moral characters; and elicit mixed/negative affect, whereas pleasurable deaths lead to enjoyment; befall disliked, immoral characters, and elicit positive affect. In addition, freely-recalled character death is more closely aligned with meaningful death and its correlates than pleasurable death and its correlates. We conclude with a discussion of how the current findings can improve the use of mediated death in clinical settings, particularly as a strategy for approaching instances of disenfranchised grief.ABSTRACT While models considering the relationship between emotion and risk differ, many agree that emotions should affect risk in accordance with the adaptive function of the emotion. The function of boredom has been proposed to motivate the pursuit of an alternative experience. Based on this, we predicted that a state of boredom would result in an optimistic perception of risk and increased risk-taking. In Study 1 (n = 164) and Study 2 (n = 200) participants who were made bored (relative to neutral, anger, and fear conditions) reported less worry and concern and estimated fewer deaths for causes of death. Study 3 (n = 149) showed that participants who were made bored (compared to neutral and fear conditions) perceived risk more optimistically, reported being more likely to take risks, and perceived more potential benefits from taking risks. In Study 4 (n = 84) participants who were made bored (relative to neutral) took more risks on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, a behavioural measure of risk. These findings show that state boredom results in an optimistic perception of risk, increased self-reported risk taking, and increased risk taking. Our results support boredom as an emotion that impacts risk in line with its function.
  The first year after childbirth involves a major transition for women, which can accentuate inadequacies and feelings of powerlessness, making them vulnerable to depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and frequency of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms at different times after giving birth (0-21 months).
 
  Data were collected cross-sectionally using a web questionnaire containing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A total of 888 mothers with children in the age range 0-21 months responded.
 
  The results showed different levels of depression over the range of months included in the study. The overall prevalence using EPDS ⩾ 12 was 27.8%. There were higher levels at 9-12 months and 17-21 months. The highest levels of symptoms of depression were found at nine, 12, and 17 months after birth, and the lowest levels at two and 16 months.
  
  
 Many mothers experience symptoms of depression after giving birth that can continue well beyond the child's first year. We have identified different levels of depression at different points in time after giving birth, with highs and lows throughout the first 21 months. This highlights a need to screen for depression more than once during the first years, as well as a closer cooperation between midwives and child healthcare nurses in supporting mothers in the transition to motherhood. This is an important aspect of public health, which not only involves mothers with symptoms of depression, but also their ability to care for their child and a possible negative impact on the child's development.The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between modern racism and rape victim and perpetrator blame, and rape perception. Participants from both a community population (n = 211) and a student population (n = 200) read a rape vignette and provided their judgements of blame towards a victim and perpetrator, their perception of the event as rape, and later answered the modern racism scale. Results showed a significant positive relationship between modern racism and rape victim blame (r = .35, R2 × 100 = 12.1%), while modern racism had a significant negative relationship with perpetrator blame (r = -.27, R2 × 100 = 7.5%) and rape perception (r = -.29, R2 × 100 = 8.7%). Implications for the criminal justice system as well as suggestions for future research were discussed.
  play an essential role in human reproductive functions by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Loss-of-function mutations in this gene have been frequently identified in patients with different reproductive disorders. We hypothesised links between 
  polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
 
  In order to find links between 
  polymorphisms rs4889 C >G, rs12998 G >A, and rs35431622 A >G with PCOS, 770 blood samples were obtained from 385 control and 385 PCOS women. DNA was extracted, and genotyped for 
  variants by PCR.
 
  rs12998 G >A was linked to PCOS in dominant (p<0.001), recessive (p<0.001), co-dominant (p<0.001), and allelic models (p<0.001). In addition, rs4889 C >G was linked in recessive, dominant, co-dominant, and allelic models (p<0.001). rs35431622 A >G was not linked to PCOS. Further analysis indicated that C-G-G haplotype was more common and G-A-G haplotype was less prevalent in cases compared with controls.
 
  variants rs12998 G >A and rs4889 C >G may be linked to the pathophysiology of PCOS.