Polyene cyclizations are one of the most powerful and fascinating chemical transformations to rapidly generate molecular complexity. However, cyclizations employing heteroatom-substituted polyenes are rare. Herein, we describe the tetracyclization of a dual nucleophilic aryl enol ether involving an unprecedented transannular endo-termination step. In this transformation, five stereocenters, two of which are quaternary, four carbon-carbon bonds and four six-membered rings are formed from a readily available cyclization precursor. The realization of this cyclization enabled short synthetic access to the tricyclic diterpenoid pimara-15-en-3α-8α-diol. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.In this work we study a bone remodeling model for the evolution of the myeloma disease. The biological problem is written as a coupled nonlinear system consisting of parabolic partial differential equations. They are written in terms of the concentrations of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the density of the relative bone and the concentration of the tumor cells. Then, we deal with the numerical analysis of this variational problem, introducing a numerical approximation by using the finite element method and a hybrid combination of both implicit and explicit Euler schemes. We perform some a priori error estimates and show a few numerical simulations to demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation. Finally, we present the comparison with previous works and the behavior of the solution in two-dimensional examples. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.AIMS To characterize causal pathogen of S. trifasciata anthracnose through morphology and molecular analysis; to evaluate the host range of the pathogen; and to explicate the infection process by the pathogen histopathologically. METHODS AND RESULTS Symptomatic leaves of S. trifasciata were collected from five states in Malaysia. The causal pathogen was isolated and identified for the first time in Malaysia as C. sansevieriae based on morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses using ITS, TUB2 and GAPDH sequences. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on different hosts. Colletotrichum sansevieriae was not pathogenic towards S. cylindrica, S. masoniana, Furcraea foetida, Chlorophytum comosum, Aloe vera and Gasteria carinata, confirming the exceptionally high host specificity for a species of Colletotrichum. Histopathology was performed using light microscope and SEM to study the infection process of C. sansevieriae on S. trifasciata. Colonization of host leaves by the pathogen was observed 2 days after inoculation. CONCLUSIONS Colletotrichum sansevieriae caused anthracnose of S. trifasciata in Malaysia. It is a host-specific pathogen and colonized the host intracellularly. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of C. sansevieriae causing anthracnose of S. trifasciata in Malaysia. The host range test and understanding of the infection process will provide better understanding of the host-pathogen relationship and beneficial for effective disease management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.First enantiopure, chiral-at-rhenium complexes of the form fac -ReX(CO) 3 (C^N) have been prepared, whereC^N is a helicene N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and X = Cl or I. They have shown strong changes in the emission characteristics, notably strongly enhanced phosphorescence lifetimes (reaching 0.7 ms) and increased CPL activity, as compared to their parent chiral models lacking the helicene unit. Identity of the halogen along with its position within the dissymmetric stereochemical environment strongly affect the photophysics of the proposed complexes, particularly the phosphorescence quantum yield and lifetime. All these results give fresh insight into fine tuning of photophysical and chiroptical properties of Re-NHC systems. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Formation of excitons in OLEDs is spin dependent and can be controlled by electron-paramagnetic resonance, affecting device resistance and electroluminescence yield. We explore electrically detected magnetic resonance in the regime of very low magnetic fields ( less then 1mT).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iwr-1-endo.html  A pronounced feature emerges at zero field in addition to the conventional spin-½ Zeeman resonance for which the Larmor frequency matches that of the incident radiation. By comparing a conventional p-conjugated polymer as the active material to a perdeuterated analogue, we demonstrate the interplay between zero-field feature and local hyperfine fields. The zero-field peak results from a quasistatic magnetic-field effect of the RF radiation for periods comparable to the carrier-pair lifetime. Zeeman resonances are resolved down to 3.2MHz, approximately twice the Larmor frequency of an electron in Earth's field. However, since reducing hyperfine fields sharpens the Zeeman peak at the cost of an increased zero-field peak, we suggest that this result constitutes a fundamental low-field limit of magnetic resonance in carrier-pair-based systems. OLEDs offer an alternative solid-state platform to investigate the radical-pair mechanism of magnetic-field effects in photochemical reactions, allowing models of biological magnetoreception to be explored by measuring spin decoherence directly in the time domain. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The presented study applies the methods of data mining and prediction models to the subject of memory functioning in developmental dyslexia. This article sets forth the results of an analysis of the decision tree algorithm for the classification of dyslexia/non-dyslexia, based on frequency data from the modified simplified conjoint recognition experiment-a paradigm based on the fuzzy-trace theory used to investigate verbatim and gist memory. This decision tree model was created with the use of the C&RT algorithm, which makes a prediction of the classification with the use of four predictors the numbers of different types of answers depending on the specific stimuli presented. Seventy-one high school students, 33 with developmental dyslexia, took part in a memory experiment. The model created using the decision tree algorithm has a very good overall validity. Excellent developmental dyslexia classification was accompanied by satisfactory non-dyslexia classification. The decision tree proposed predictors that are supported both theoretically and empirically.