https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Ubenimex(Bestatin).html Biallelic mutations in the PTF1A enhancer are the commonest cause of isolated pancreatic agenesis. These patients do not have severe neurological features associated with loss-of-function PTF1A mutations. Their clinical phenotype and disease progression have not been well characterized. To evaluate phenotype and genotype characteristics and long-term follow-up of patients with PTF1A enhancer mutations. Twelve tertiary pediatric endocrine referral centers. Thirty patients with diabetes caused by PTF1A enhancer mutations. Median follow-up duration was 4 years. Presenting and follow-up clinical (birthweight, gestational age, symptoms, auxology) and biochemical (pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions, liver function, glycated hemoglobin) characteristics, pancreas imaging, and genetic analysis. Five different homozygous mutations affecting conserved nucleotides in the PTF1A distal enhancer were identified. The commonest was the Chr10g.23508437A>G mutation (n = 18). Two patients were homozygous urrent extrapancreatic features which likely reflect long-term intestinal malabsorption. Numerous studies have shown that cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the most important cause of mortality among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, no studies have evaluated the risk of CVD-related mortality among different DM subgroups. We aimed to examine all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality for different DM subgroups. We included participants (age ≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) data set. We evaluated the risks of all-cause and cause-specific (CVD and cancer) mortality among 5 previously defined diabetes subgroups severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD). The hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause a