ncing chemoresistance. Vice versa our data suggest the prevention of MARCKS inhibition by reversing hyperphosphorylation or genomic restoration after deletion as two promising approaches to overcome tumor cell resistance towards chemotherapeutic ABCB1 substrates.INTRODUCTION Liver and lung are common sites of metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC). Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) represents a valid treatment, with high rates of local control (LC). In this study, we applied recursive partitioning model-based analysis (RPA) to define class risks for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in oligometastatic CRC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this monocentric analysis, we included patients with lung or liver metastases. Patients were candidate to SBRT if a maximum of 5 metastases. End points of the present analysis were LC, PFS, and OS. The binary classification tree approach with RPA was applied to stratify the patients into risk groups based on OS and PFS. RESULTS 218 patients were treated with SBRT on 371 metastases. Majority of patients (56%) was treated on single lesion, followed by 2 (26.1%) and 3 lesions (14.7%). Median follow-up was 22.7 months. Rates of LC were 84.2% at 1 year and 73.8% at 3 years. Rates of PFS at 1 and 3 years were 42.2% and 14.9%, respectively. RPA identified 3 classes for PFS, according to age and number of metastases with 3-year PFS of 30.6%, 13.5% and 8.4%. Overall survival was 87.2% at 1 year, 51.9% at 3 years, and 36.8% at 5 years. RPA identified 3 nodes. Class 1 included patients with liver metastases (3-year OS 35.2%). Class 2 included patients with lung metastases and DFI ≤ 48 months (3-year OS 65%). Class 3 included patients with lung metastases and DFI > 48 months (3-year OS 73.5%). CONCLUSIONS Stereotactic body radiation therapy can be considered an effective treatment for the management of liver and lung metastases from CRC. With RPA, we identified prognostic risk class to define patients who could benefit the most from SBRT.Hypoviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA mycovirus that infect filamentous fungi. However, hypoviruses have not been reported in Bipolaris oryzae, an important phytopathogenic fungus in water bamboo and rice. Here, we report the characterization of a novel hypovirus, tentatively named "Bipolaris oryzae hypovirus 1" (BoHV1), isolated from strain ES35 of B. oryzae infecting water bamboo. The complete genome of BoHV1 consists of 13,596 nucleotides and a poly(A) tail at the 3' end.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ptc-209.html  BoHV1 has single open reading frame (ORF) and encodes a putative polyprotein (4,218 amino acids) containing four potential conserved domains for a papain-like protease, a protein of unknown function (DUF3525), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and helicase. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein, RdRp, and helicase domains suggested that BoHV1 belongs to the genus Hypovirus within the family Hypoviridae. This is the first report of the presence of a hypovirus in the phytopathogenic fungus B. oryzae.The complete genome sequence of a new virus, provisionally named "balloon flower endornavirus" (BfEV), was determined following virus isolation from leaves of a balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) exhibiting severe leaf shrinkage disease in Anhui Province, China. The 15,180-nucleotide genome sequence of BfEV shares 40.52% amino acid (aa) sequence identity and 98% coverage with the polyprotein of Helianthus annuus endornavirus (HaEV). The open reading frame (ORF) encodes a deduced 4,887-aa polyprotein with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), viral helicase (Hel) and glycosyltransferase (GT) domains. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of RdRp places BfEV alongside members of the genus Alphaendornavirus in the family Endornaviridae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a complete genome sequence of a novel alphaendornavirus identified in balloon flower.Outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection have caused high mortality of piglets and significant economic losses to the Chinese swine industry. In the current study, 184 specimens from pigs with or without signs of diarrhea were collected from 39 farms across eight provinces, mainly around Hunan, People's Republic of China, in 2017 to 2018 in order to obtain epidemiological information on PEDV infections in these regions. The results indicated an average PEDV-positive rate of 38.04% (70/184) and more-pronounced disease severity in diarrheic pigs (48.76%; 59/121) than in non-diarrheic pigs (17.46%; 11/63). Phylogenetic and sequence analysis demonstrated that 14 representative PEDV strains from 14 swine farms belonged to the G2 group (G2-a and G2-b subgroups) and displayed a high degree of genetic variation. In particular, two out of the 14 PEDV strains were found to have unique indels in the S1 gene. The strain HN-SY-2017-Oct had a 9-nucleotide (T1152GAAGCCAAT1160T) insertion, and the strain ZJ-2018-May had a 3-nucleotide (AAA) deletion at position 1126 in the S1 gene. A three-dimensional structural prediction revealed that these unique insertions might lengthen the loop on the surface or increase the likelihood of the surface protein being phosphorylated at 388Y, thereby affecting the virulence or pathogenicity of PEDV. Collectively, the data show that PED remains a severe threat to the pig industry and that variant PEDV stains are circulating in China. The updated PEDV epidemiological data will facilitate the design of PEDV vaccines and the application of effective measures for PED prevention.The family Picornaviridae includes important human and animal pathogens that are associated with a wide range of diseases and, in some cases, have zoonotic potential. During epidemiological surveillance of bats, we identified, by next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, the presence of picornavirus RNA in a common pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus). By coupling NGS, primer-walking strategies, and sequence-independent protocols to obtain the sequences of the 5' and 3' termini, we reconstructed the genome sequence of picornavirus strain ITA/2017/189/18-155. The genome of the bat picornavirus is 8.2 kb in length and encodes a polyprotein of 2462 amino acids. A comparison of polyprotein sequences revealed that this virus is distantly related (65.1% and 70.9% sequence identity at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively) to a bat aichivirus identified in 2010. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this picornavirus clustered closely with members of the genus Kobuvirus, which also includes human and animal aichiviruses.