https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gc376-sodium.html INTRODUCTION This systematic review aimed to evaluate early ambulation protocols implemented for traumatic solid organ injury. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Embase and Cochrane Library were searched without time constraint to identify prospective and retrospective analyses, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series that investigated early ambulation in solid organ trauma. RESULTS Six studies met the predefined inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Three studies investigated early ambulation protocols in direct comparison with bed rest. The remaining three studies were early ambulation case series. In all studies there was no convincing evidence to suggest differences in clinical outcomes between early ambulation and bed rest protocols. In all studies early ambulation resulted in a reduced length of hospitalisation and decreased cost to national healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review has found preliminary evidence that suggests bed rest has no clinical benefit in those with low-grade to mid-grade (grades 1-2) solid organ injury. Further studies are required to inform guidance to improve trauma patient outcomes. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.PURPOSE The extent and types of ophthalmic disease and non-battle injury (DNBI) seen by expeditionary ophthalmologists at deployed military medical treatment facilities have not previously been reported. We aim to characterise the extent and type of ophthalmic pathology including DNBI at a US military medical treatment facility in Afghanistan. METHODS We conducted a retrospective non-interventional cohort study of all patients seen by ophthalmologists at Craig Joint Theater Hospital at Bagram Airfield (BAF), Afghanistan, between 1 October 2018 and 31 August 2019. RESULTS There were 281 patients seen in 540 separate encounters, of which 1