https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gne-7883.html with increased confidence in interpreting somatic variants. It is unclear whether genomically confident individuals ordered more tests or whether ordering more tests increased genomic confidence. Educational interventions could improve confidence and enhance test ordering behaviour. The spine represents the site which is most frequently affected by bone metastases in patients with systemic cancer. Of all local treatment options, combined kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy (Kypho-IORT) provides both, instantaneous stabilization and immediate pain relief. We here report on the long-term outcomes of the largest cohort treated with Kypho-IORT to date. Between 2009 and 2019 a total of 104 patients underwent Kypho-IORT to vertebral tumors in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spine with transpedicular kyphoplasty and intraoperative irradiation with a needle-shaped electronic brachytherapy source at our center. Patients were treated either on trial, within the prospective Kypho-IORT studies (NCT01280032 and NCT02773966), or, after completion of the study, off trial but compliant with the study protocol. Follow-up and imaging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging was scheduled after 3 and 6months and then bi-annually. A total of 143 vertebrae (89 thoracic spine, 53 lumbar spine, and 1 sacral spine) were treated in 104 patients. The median follow-up was 14.5months (range 0.4-109). Local progression occurred in 10 patients (10 vertebrae) after a median time of 22.3months (range 1.5-73) resulting in local control rates of 97.1, 95.9, and 94.2% at 6, 12, and 24months, respectively. Overall survival was 74.6, 61.7, and 50.3% at 6, 12, and 24months, respectively. A single serious adverse event was reported. In addition to immediate pain reduction and stabilization, Kypho-IORT shows excellent long-term local control with minimal side effects. In addition to immediate pain reduction and stabilization, Ky