The surgical indications for liver metastasis from bile duct cancer remain contentious, because surgery is generally thought unlikely to improve survival. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cinchocaine.html However, recent reports show that long-term survival has been achieved with liver resection of metastasis from recurrent bile duct cancer in selected patients. Liver resection for liver metastasis from bile duct cancer was proposed only when the following criteria were met liver-only metastasis, a solitary tumor, and no increase in the number of lesions during 3months of observation. This study aimed to validate our criteria and to analyze which factors impact on survival. Between 2003 and 2017, 164 patients underwent pathologically curative resection for bile duct cancer. Recurrence developed in 98 of these patients, as liver-only metastasis in 25. Eleven of these 25 patients underwent liver resection (liver resection group), and 14 did not (non-liver resection group). The median overall survival was longer in the liver resection group than in all the patients (44months vs. 17.8months, respectively p = 0.040). The median overall survival was better in the liver resection group than in the non-liver resection group (44months vs. 19.9months, p = 0.012). The disease-free interval was also significantly longer in the liver resection group than in the non-liver resection group [22months (range; 4-34months) vs. 3months (2-11), p < 0.001]. Potentially, metachronous solitary liver metastasis from bile duct cancer is an indication for liver resection when the patient has had a long disease-free interval. Observation for 3months from first detection of metastasis may optimize the selection for this surgery. Potentially, metachronous solitary liver metastasis from bile duct cancer is an indication for liver resection when the patient has had a long disease-free interval. Observation for 3 months from first detection of metastasis may optimize the selection for this surgery.Combustion of coal create many harmful gases which effect on human health as well as on environment. The sulfur in coal limits its own use, and bio-desulfurization (BDS) shows enormous development potential and the prospects for the application of coal desulfurization. Present study highlights the bioprocess strategies for reduction of sulfur content from coal before combustion. The bioprocess involved the use of Airlift Bioreactor along with Rhodococcus sp. ATCC55309 as biocatalyst. Different nutritional and operational parameters involved to promote sulfur reduction at maximum level. The parameters were investigated are different carbon source, temperature, pH, Agitation speed, and pulp density. The impact of these parameters shows that sulfur removal can be enhanced though optimized conditions. The amount of total sulfur and organic sulfur present in coal were reduced by 33 ± 1.7% and 71 ± 1.5%, respectively, compared to untreated coal at controlled condition of various parameters are 20% (w/v) pulp density, 30 °C, 170 rpm, glucose as carbon source and pH 7. Whereas organic sulfur degrades from coal using Rhodococcus sp. ATCC55309 about 0.36 mM DBT (Di-benzothiophene) within 8 days via 4S-pathway. The maximum conversion of DBT compound into 2-HBP(2-hydroxybiphenyl) by utilizing 30 °C, 170 rpm, 20 pulp density and glucose as carbon source. The aim is the explantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) due to dislocation into the vitreous cavity with subsequent secondary implantation of aretropupillary iris claw IOL via the pars plana without creating alarge corneal incision. The aim of the operative technique is to avoid corneal astigmatism after secondary IOL implantation, faster recovery of visual acuity and reduction of invasive maneuvers in the anterior chamber. The surgery is indicated by an in-the-bag dislocation of aposterior chamber lens into the vitreous cavity without the possibility of refixation due to zonulopathy. Contraindications are extensive iris stromal defects, iritis, scleromalacia, ischemic retinopathies. The technique consists of explantation of the IOL during astandard pars plana vitrectomy (20gauge) with an extended sclerotomy and subsequent secondary implantation of aretropupillary iris claw IOL using the same sclerotomy. The operation video is available online. Treatment is carried out with local steroids and antibiotic eyedrops for 3 weeks. In the case of acorneal suture, removal is recommended after 14 days. The implantation of aretroiridal iris claw lens is an established procedure. The introduction via the pars plana in the presented form is afirst description. The implantation of a retroiridal iris claw lens is an established procedure. The introduction via the pars plana in the presented form is a first description. To investigate the availability of and tocharacterise the internet electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vendors (IEVs) that continued to sell vaping devices in an Indian city despite the promulgation of an Indian Ordinance on 18th September 2019 that prohibits e-cigarettes nation-wide. A structured internet search engine queries to identify IEVs. Subsequently, a content analysis to all identified IEVs was performed to check if they delivered vaping products to a New Delhi address (non-compliant with Indian Ordinance). Those non-compliant IEVs were then described according to some characteristics of interest. Sixteen out of 45 identified IEVs (35.6%) were not compliant with the Indian Ordinance. Amongst them, half were general e-commerce, 75.0% did not apply any age verification methods, and 56.3% did not feature health or safety warnings on their websites. Many of these IEVs employed a wide range of promotional strategies, such as price discounts, health benefits claims, and social networks utilisation. E-cigarettes were still highly available and accessible in an Indian capital city through online sales following a bold step taken by the country to totally ban vaping products. E-cigarettes were still highly available and accessible in an Indian capital city through online sales following a bold step taken by the country to totally ban vaping products.