https://www.selleckchem.com/products/az-33.html 38%± 0.72, and 98.51%±0.49 respectively) over 72 h in STF. Results of trans-corneal permeation and antifungal activity were enhanced for the optimized formula (F3 CS) compared to (F1 CS) and drug solution. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were conducted showing significant increase in Cmax, delayed Tmax and promoted relative bioavailability. After ocular insertion of F3 CS in male albino rabbits, histopathological studies were attained to assure the safety of the formula. Finally, optimized VOR-MIP-CS could provide promising ocular drug delivery systems (DDS).One of the main challenges in the field of drug delivery remains the development of strategies to efficiently transport pharmaceuticals across mucus barriers, which regulate the passage and retention of molecules and particles in all luminal spaces of the body. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms, which govern such selective permeability, is key for achieving efficient translocation of drugs and drug carriers. For this purpose, model systems based on purified mucins can contribute valuable information. In this review, we summarize advances that were made in the field of drug delivery research with such mucin-based model systems First, we give an overview of mucin purification procedures and discuss the suitability of model systems reconstituted from purified mucins to mimic native mucus. Then, we summarize techniques to study mucin binding. Finally, we highlight approaches that made use of mucins as building blocks for drug delivery platforms or employ mucins as active compounds.Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common age-related disease that correlates with a high number of senescent cells in joint tissues. Senescence has been reported to be one of the main drivers of OA pathogenesis, in particular via the release of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. SASP factors are secreted as single molecules and/or packaged within