https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mptp-hydrochloride.html Taking the beneficial factor into account, they are being used for the treatment of disorders like Cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disorder, Aplastic anemia, Multiple sclerosis and many more. However, it is still illegal to use stem cells in the abovementioned disorders. This review will encompass different stem cells and would emphasize PMSCs for its uniqueness in therapy that no other previously published literature reviews have taken into consideration. Later in the review, we also discuss current regulatory aspects related to stem cells. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is one of the most widely prescribed medicines and commonly used in gastric related disorder and there is huge need of addressing the irrational use of PPI in a country like India. The present study was designed to describe the rational drug use and cost comparison analysis of PPI in a rural tertiary care hospital. METHODOLOGY A prospective observational study was performed among 253 inpatients for a period of 9 months after getting ethical approval. Those who received the PPIs for any of its indications were included in the study without any gender or age restriction. US FDA guidelines were used to analyse the appropriateness of the drug use and cost comparison analysis of the branded versus generic PPIs also performed. FINDINGS Among the 253 inpatients, the majority (62%) were male and the mean age was 46±19 years. Mean hospital stay and the number of drugs in prescription were found to be 4.0 ± 1days 4.39 ±1.16 items, respectively. Pantoprazole (76%) was the most prescribed PPI even though the majority (57%) of the patients treated outside the FDA approved indication. Drug interaction has been reported in 14% and ADR in 9% of the population. The average cost of PPI during the hospital stay estimated at 207.96±149.57 INR, and