In addition, ethanol caused a decrease in genes expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Together, these studies suggest ethanol may modulate pathogenesis in the developing hippocampus through effects on cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage, resulting in altered oligodendrogenesis and myelination. We also observed differential expression of molecules important in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. Collectively, the molecules evaluated in these studies may play a role in ethanol-induced pathology in the developing hippocampus and contribute to cognitive impairment associated with FASD. A better understanding of these molecules and their effects on the developing hippocampus may lead to novel treatment strategies for FASD.The purpose of this study was to examine the mental health of community-dwelling older adults as they adapted their everyday health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to a telephone survey, 126 older adults described perceived changes in physical and mental health, and adaptations in their everyday health behaviors. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multiple regressions revealed that participants experienced changes in mental and physical health, reduced health service access, lower social engagement, and increased coping behaviors. Greater negative social impact of the pandemic was associated with higher levels of COVID-19 distress. Reduced mental health was significantly related to reductions in health service access, health changes, and fewer adaptive coping behaviors. Adaptive coping behaviors were helpful, just as reduced health access and social contact added risk for mental health problems. Suggestions were provided for alleviating mental health needs by increasing social contact and engaging in adaptive coping behaviors.Anxiety is common in persons living with dementia (PLWD), and particularly burdensome for caregivers. Little is known about how caregiver factors such as caregiver mastery can influence anxiety in PLWD. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between caregiver mastery and anxiety in PLWD. Secondary data analysis was conducted using baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of 170 dyads of community residing PLWD and their caregivers. Logistic regression analyses were used for data analyses. After controlling for covariates (e.g., age, cognitive impairment, sleep impairment, and depression), a higher level of caregiver mastery was related to lower odds of anxiety presentation in PLWD (OR=0.870, 95% CI=0.759-0.998, p=0.046). As caregiver mastery is related to anxiety in PLWD, a comprehensive education program for caregivers that can improve their caregiving skills and mastery is suggested to improve anxiety in PLWD.The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, continues to spread rapidly worldwide and is associated with high rates of mortality among older adults, those with comorbidities, and those in poor physiological states. This paper aimed to systematically identify the impact of frailty on overall mortality among older adults with COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review of the literature indexed in 4 databases. A random-effects model with inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis using the odds ratio was used to study the association of frailty levels with clinical outcomes among older adults with COVID-19. Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic and Egger's test.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/c188-9.html  We identified 22 studies that met our inclusion criteria, including 924,520 total patients. Overall, frailty among older adults was associated with high rates of COVID-19-related mortality compared with non-frail older adults (OR [odds ratio]5.76; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.85-8.61, I2 40.5%). Our results show that physical limitations, such as those associated with frailty among older adults, are associated with higher rates of COVID-19-related mortality.
  The need to support informal caregivers is among the most overlooked challenges facing the aging population, their families, and society. Understanding the experience of well-being and resources contributing to well-being among older caregivers is essential.
 
  The purpose of this research was to explore personal strengths, social contextual resources, and the power to choose and pursue valued objectives central to well-being among older caregivers. This research was theoretically informed by the Health Empowerment Theory.
 
  Qualitative descriptive design addressed research objectives. Purposive sampling included recruitment and interviews with twenty-one older adult caregivers. Qualitative content analysis identified distinct categories and themes of meaning and supported trustworthiness.
 
  Categories supported and extended Health Empowerment Theory among older caregivers, reflecting unique strengths, resources, and growth consistent with valued objectives, fostering well-being.
 
  Findings further understanding of the ways in which caregivers move toward well-being within the context of complexity and change.
 Findings further understanding of the ways in which caregivers move toward well-being within the context of complexity and change.The growing population of aging women in the United States is disproportionately at-risk for adverse physical, behavioral, mental, and psychosocial health conditions. Engagement with preventive care is critical to address these risk factors. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore patterns of healthcare use, facilitators, barriers, and opportunities to optimize primary/preventive care engagement among low-income midlife and older women. Themes were deductively derived from the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations. Categories were inductively determined barriers to care engagement; facilitators of care engagement; opportunities to optimize primary/preventive care engagement. Themes emerging from this study suggest that experiences related to discrimination, psychological health, trauma, and prioritizing care of others negatively influence care engagement; while respect, continuity, and clinician gender and racial/ethnic concordance enhance care participation. Efforts aiming to engage low-income aging women in care should focus on addressing barriers, building on facilitators, and leveraging contemporary telehealth-outreach solutions.