In this study, a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor dominated by freshwater anammox bacteria (FAB) was used to study the performance and stress index of the anammox bacteria at various saline conditions.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rimiducid-ap1903.html  The reactor with an effective volume of 1.8 L was operated for about 160 days. The nitrogen-loading rate was maintained at 0.364 kg-N m-3d-1 throughout the operational period. At the start-up phase, the seed biomass acclimation to the lab bioreactor showed an inconsistent performance. However, a stable performance was observed after day 38. The average substrate removal efficiency was 92% during most of the operational period. Anammox stress index; a ratio of dissolved Adenosine Triphosphate (dATPamx) to total Adenosine Triphosphate (tATPamx) showed an irrefutable correlation between NaCl concentration, anammox stress and microbial community. A drop in the biomass cellular ATP at 5 g L-1 salinity led to a significant decrease in the Specific Anammox activity. Candidatus Brocadia was identified as the main anammox species and its relative abundance reduced along the stepwise salinity increment.In this work, we report an "on-off-super on" photoelectrochemical sensor for probing hydrogen sulfide due to its toxicity in water environment by using porous carbon nitride as photoelectric transducers. Synthesized by an alkaline-assisted hydrothermal method, the porous carbon nitride photoanode exhibited a remarkable photocurrent on the initial "on" state. Cu2+ immobilized on the surfaces of porous carbon nitride could significantly decrease the charge transfer efficiency and quench the photoelectrochemical signal in the "off" state. In addition, the introduction of S2- ions could eliminate the influence of Cu-induced surface exciton trapping and amplify the photoelectrochemical signal due to the formation of carbon nitride/copper sulfide heterojunction, thus leading to the achievement of the ''super on'' state and subsequently detection of hydrogen sulfide. More importantly, this photoelectrochemical sensor shows the excellent performance for probing hydrogen sulfide in terms of stability, selectivity, sensitivity and fabrication cost. Enabled by a unique "on-off-super on" strategy, it could serve as a reference for developing the new class of photoelectrochemical sensor.With this study we aimed to assess the effect of the prior development of Piptatherum miliaceum (Pm) in a Technosol on the establishment of Salvia rosmarinus (Sr) as a cash crop. An experimental pot was performed with two biochar (BCh) doses (BCh1 and BCh2) mixed with marble waste and pyritic tailings, with and without Pm. After 12 months of Pm growth, the pots with this species were divided into two sets Sr alone and Sr + Pm. An agricultural soil (AGR) was used as an external control. The results showed that the growth of Sr led to similar shoot biomass to AGR. Sr + Pm reduced shoot biomass by 50%. Total soil organic and recalcitrant C, and total and recalcitrant N showed the highest values in vegetated pots, with no effect of the BCh rate. The decrease in the soil metals availability was related with increases in soil pH. BCh1Sr + Pm treatment showed a microbial community structure more similar to AGR, related to higher fungal and bacterial abundance, enzyme activities and soluble carbon. Thus, growing Sr + Pm seems a suitable strategy to improve soil properties, including microbial abundance, with low translocation of metals. Although the BCh rate did not affect plant growth or soil physicochemical properties, the lowest rate contributed to the growth of soil microorganisms better. The simultaneous growth of Sr + Pm reduced biomass production, and a source of available nutrients is also recommended. Further studies are needed to test this strategy in the field, and to ensure its suitability and a constant biomass production.The attapulgite of different morphologies and mineral compositions were successfully obtained following the treatment by HCl and HF with different concentrations. Variations of morphologies, elemental and mineral components of the pristine and modified attapulgite were investigated and assessed in detail by a series of characterization methods. The SEM-EDS results indicated significant variations on the contents and morphologies of silicon after acid modification. The Cr(VI) removal efficiencies under pristine and modified attapulgite-supported nZVI composites were evaluated with the removal rate in case of 0.5HAT-nZVI being 69.2% more superior than that of 6FAT-nZVI. The reaction kinetic is well fitted with pseudo second order kinetics model. The correlation analysis indicated that Cr(VI) removal efficiency was positively correlated with the content of active silicon in the attapulgite-nZVI composites (R2 = 0.979∗∗). Additionally, the reduction of Cr(VI) is more likely to occur in silicon-rich composites based on the analysis of XPS spectra and Cr concentration changes, which were mainly attributed to the enhanced Si-O-Fe coupling mediated by silicon. Attapulgite with more exposure sites of silicon enhanced the Cr(VI) reduction process and promoted crystallization of the reaction products. Simultaneously, the nZVI consumption caused by oxidation and aggregation were improved by silicon in attapulgite. It is concluded that silicon played a significant role on Cr(VI) removal through the reductive precipitation by Si-O-Fe coupling.Unilateral transfemoral amputees rely heavily on non-amputated limb muscles to regulate the prosthetic gait. In this study, we compared the non-amputated limb muscle coordination of eight unilateral transfemoral amputees to eight able-bodied controls. Inverse dynamics approach was conducted via a musculoskeletal model to obtain lower limb joint moments and muscle forces. In addition to the muscle forces at the instants of peak joint moments and the maximum muscle forces, the peak joint moments of the lower limbs were also investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences of muscle forces between the non-amputated limbs and the controls at the instant of peak hip extension moment, although the peak hip extension moments themselves were not significantly different between the two groups. The non-amputated limbs had significantly smaller peak hip flexion moment and peak knee extension moment, with significant differences between the muscle forces of non-amputated limbs and controls at the two instants.