The original article had mistakenly inverted co-author, Wang Zheng's name. This has since been corrected.Retinal Müller cells are highly polarized macroglial cells with accumulation of the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel and the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 at specialized endfoot membrane domains abutting microvessels and corpus vitreum. Proper water and potassium homeostasis in retina depends on these membrane specializations. Here we show that targeted deletion of β1-syntrophin leads to a partial loss of AQP4 from perivascular Müller cell endfeet and that a concomitant deletion of both α1- and β1-syntrophin causes a near complete loss of AQP4 from both perivascular and subvitreal endfoot membranes. α1-syntrophin is normally very weakly expressed in Müller cell endfeet but β1-syntrophin knockout mice display an increased amount of α1-syntrophin at these sites. We suggest that upregulation of perivascular α1-syntrophin restricts the effect of β1-syntrophin deletion. The present findings indicate that β1-syntrophin plays an important role in maintaining the functional polarity of Müller cells and that α1-syntrophin can partially substitute for β1-syntrophin in AQP4 anchoring. Functional polarization of Müller cells thus depends on an interplay between two syntrophin isoforms.BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis and infection by soil-transmitted helminths are some of the world's most prevalent neglected tropical diseases. Infection by more than one parasite (co-infection) is common and can contribute to clinical morbidity in children. Geostatistical analyses of parasite infection data are key for developing mass drug administration strategies, yet most methods ignore co-infections when estimating risk. Infection status for multiple parasites can act as a useful proxy for data-poor individual-level or environmental risk factors while avoiding regression dilution bias. Conditional random fields (CRF) is a multivariate graphical network method that opens new doors in parasite risk mapping by (i) predicting co-infections with high accuracy; (ii) isolating associations among parasites; and (iii) quantifying how these associations change across landscapes. METHODS We built a spatial CRF to estimate infection risks for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale andal risk factors, the presences or absences of other parasites were strong predictors of individual-level infection risk. Spatial predictions delineated high-risk regions in need of anthelminthic treatment interventions, including areas with higher than expected co-infection prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring studies routinely screen for multiple parasites, yet statistical models generally ignore this multivariate data when assessing risk factors and designing treatment guidelines. Multivariate approaches can be instrumental in the global effort to reduce and eventually eliminate neglected helminth infections in developing countries.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of yoga on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare cystic lung disease in women. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a nonrandomized, controlled study conducted in Beijing, China (August 27, 2017 - April 26, 2018). Twenty-six participants were allocated to the intervention (yoga) group (n = 13) or control group (n = 13). The yoga intervention involved a 24-week program of yoga class training for 90 min once a week and no fewer than 2 at-home sessions per week (at least 15 min per session). The 6-min walking distance (6MWD), lung function, serum vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) levels, quality of life, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured at baseline, 12-week and 24-week follow-up. An incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test was conducted at baseline and the 24-week follow-up. RESULTS Eleven patients completed the yoga training program. The yoga group exhibited improvements in the following outcomes versus those of the control group 6MWD (+ 55 ± 29 m vs + 18 ± 49 m, P = 0.04), anaerobic threshold (3.4 ± 2.4 ml/min/kg vs 1.6 ± 1.4 ml/min/kg, P = 0.035) and peak work load (11.7 ± 14.6 W vs 0.2 ± 9.1 W, P = 0.027).  https://www.selleckchem.com/EGFR(HER).html  There was no significant difference in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), lung function, VEGF-D level, and quality of life between the yoga and control groups. No adverse effects were found in the yoga group. CONCLUSION Yoga is a feasible and safe intervention for pulmonary rehabilitation and potentially improves exercise capacity in patients with LAM. TRIAL REGISTRATION (Clinical trial registration number at www.chictr.org.cn ChiCTR-OON-1701274).BACKGROUND Low back pain is a common reason for medical care and carries a heavy social burden. The efficacy of Tuina or health care education for low back pain has been evaluated in previous systematic reviews. However, there is no evidence to support the superiority of one form of treatment over another. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of Tuina with health care education in the management of low back pain. METHODS/DESIGN This study is a randomized controlled trial with parallel-group design including two groups a Tuina group and a health care education group. A total of 160 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to the groups in a 11 ratio. The interventions of both groups will last for 20 min and be carried out twice each week for a period of 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the Oswestry Disability Index. The secondary outcomes include a visual analogue scale and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. They will be assessed at baseline, at the end of the intervention every month, and during 6 months and 9 months of follow-up by repeated measures analysis of variance. The significance level is 5%. The safety of Tuina and health care education will be evaluated after each treatment session. This study will focus on the value of Tuina and health care education for low back pain and will highlight any differences in the efficacy of the treatments. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tuina intervention for low back pain, which could provide reliable evidence for clinical decision making for patients with low back pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900022656. Registered on 23 April 2019.