Whether dietary restraint and dieting are risk factors associated with eating disorders has not been explored in the context of pediatric weight management.
 
  To review associations between dietary pediatric weight management, dietary restraint, dieting, and eating disorder risk.
 
  Four databases - MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO - were searched to May 2020 to identify pediatric weight management interventions with a dietary component for children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. The review was limited to studies reporting dietary restraint and/or dieting at preintervention, postintervention, and/or follow-up. Screening and quality assessment were conducted in duplicate, and data extraction was completed by 1 reviewer and cross-checked for accuracy. Data extracted included study characteristics, dietary restraint/dieting, and eating disorder-related outcomes (including disordered eating, body image, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety).
 
  A total of 26 papers, representing 23 stuPERO registration no. 2017 CRD42017069488.
  In angiosperms, many species disperse their seeds autonomously by rapid movement of the pericarp. The fruits of these species often have long rod- or long plate-shaped pericarps, which are suitable for ejecting seeds during fruit dehiscence by bending or coiling. However, here we show that fruit with a completely different shape can also rely on pericarp movement to disperse seeds explosively, as in Orixa japonica.
 
  Fruit morphology was observed by hard tissue sectioning, scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography, and the seed dispersal process was analysed using a high-speed camera. Comparisons were made of the geometric characteristics of pericarps before and after fruit dehiscence, and the mechanical process of pericarp movement was simulated with the aid of the finite element model.
 
  During fruit dehydration, the water drop-shaped endocarp of O. japonica with sandwich structure produced two-way bending deformation and cracking, and its width increased more than three-fold before openigh a combination of different external shapes and internal structures, they are able to move rapidly using many sophisticated mechanisms.
  Condensed tannin (CT) is an important compound in plant biological structural defence and for tolerance against herbivory and environmental stress.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bupivacaine.html  However, little is known of the role and location of CT within the fine roots of woody plants. To understand the role of CT across diverse species of woody dicot fine roots, we evaluated localization of CT, which accumulated in root tissue, and examined its relationships with the stele and cortex tissue in cross-sections of roots in 20 tree species forming different microbial symbiotic groups (ectomycorrhiza and arbuscular mycorrhiza).
 
  In a cool-temperate forest in Japan, cross-sections of the sampled roots in different branching order classes, namely, first-order, second- to third-order, fourth order, and >fourth order (higher-order), were measured in terms of the length-based ratios of stele diameter and cortex thickness to root diameter. All root samples were then stained with a ρ-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde solution and measured by the localized CT accuopment before and during cork layer formation.
 The development patterns of the stele, cortex, and CT accumulation with changing from root tip to secondary roots were distinguished between mycorrhizal associations. The CT in tissue on mycorrhizal associations could help with root protective in specific orders during shifts in stele and cortex development before and during cork layer formation.
  This study assessed changes in sleep quality before and after the peak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in community-dwellers enrolled in the Atahualpa Project.
 
  Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 were eligible if they had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) nine months before the pandemic and a lateral flow-based test for identification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during the peak of the pandemic. Six months later, individuals completed a follow-up PSQI. The independent relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and deterioration in sleep quality was assessed by fitting logistic mixed models for longitudinal data.
 
  Of 639 participants (mean age at baseline 59±12.8 years), 325 (51%) had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A total of 185 (29%) individuals at baseline and 311 (49%) at follow-up were poor sleepers (p<0.001). Mixed logistic regression models demonstrated a significant increase in poor sleepers at follow-up (OR 2.85; 95% C.I. 2.16 - 3.75), which was more marked among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive subjects (OR 3.8; 95% C.I. 2.48 - 5.81). The adjusted proportion of poor sleepers increased from 29% to 56.2% (95% C.I. 50.9 - 61.6%) among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals, but only to 40.7% (95% C.I. 35.3 - 46.1%) in their seronegative counterparts (p<0.001). Likewise, progression from a good to a poor sleeper status was higher among seropositive individuals than in their seronegative counterparts (38.1% versus 22.3%; p<0.001), after adjusting for relevant covariates.
 
  This study shows a deleterious effect of SARS-CoV-2 in sleep quality. An effect of SARS-CoV-2 in disrupting sleep-related pathways cannot be ruled out.
 This study shows a deleterious effect of SARS-CoV-2 in sleep quality. An effect of SARS-CoV-2 in disrupting sleep-related pathways cannot be ruled out.
  The qepA1 gene encodes an efflux pump that reduces susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Little is known about the regulation of qepA1 expression.
 
  To assess the potential role of ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics in the regulation of qepA1 gene expression. To identify the promoter that drives qepA1 expression and other factors involved in expression regulation. To assess whether the identified features are universal among qepA alleles.
 
  A translational qepA1-yfp fusion under the control of the qepA1 upstream region was cloned into the Escherichia coli chromosome. Expression of the fusion protein was measured in the presence of various antibiotics. Deletions within the upstream region were introduced to identify regions involved in gene expression and regulation. The qepA1 coding sequence and upstream region were compared with all available qepA sequences.
 
  Cellular stress caused by the presence of various antibiotics can induce qepA1 expression. The qepA1 gene is fused to a class I integron and gene expression is driven by the Pc promoter within the integrase gene.