The protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 was significantly up-regulated in tanshinone IIA groups, while the protein expression of Keap1 was significantly down-regulated. A further study has shown that silenced Nrf2 has completely opposite results. All those results suggested that tanshinone IIA could protect H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in rat cardiomyocytes by activating Nrf2 pathway.This study aimed to compare the reliability and magnitude of velocity variables between 3 variants of the bench press (BP) exercise in participants with and without BP training experience. Thirty males, 15 with and 15 without BP experience, randomly performed 3 variants of the BP on separate sessions (I) concentric-only, (II) fast-eccentric and (III) controlled-eccentric.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/salinomycin.html  The mean velocity (MV) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of the concentric phase were collected against 3 loads (≈30%1RM, 50%1RM, and 75%1RM) with a linear velocity transducer. Reliability was high regardless of the variable, BP variant, and load (coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 4.47%, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.87). The comparison of the CVs suggested a higher reliability for the fast-eccentric BP (8 out of 12 comparisons), followed by the concentric-only BP (5 out of 12 comparisons), and finally the controlled-eccentric BP (never provided a higher reliability). No differences in reliability were observed between experienced (CV ≤ 4.71%; ICC ≥ 0.79) and non-experienced (CV ≤ 6.29%; ICC ≥ 0.76) participants. The fast-eccentric BP provided the highest MV (p less then  0.05) and no differences were observed for Vmax. These results support the assessment of movement velocity during the fast-eccentric BP even in participants without experience.Background Vision screening in infants is an important part of the medical care of children as some eye abnormalities, if not treated in the first few months or years of life, can lead to irreversible vision loss. Objective The objective of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to identify ocular anomalies among infants attending immunization clinics in Nigeria and refer promptly and appropriately. Methodology Infants were screened across 6 immunization clinics. Screening activities included relevant ocular history, vision assessment, external ocular examination, ocular motility, Hirschberg's test, pupil examination, and the red reflex test. Infants with abnormal findings were referred for comprehensive eye examination. Result Of the 142 infants who underwent vision screening, 29 were referred. These referrals were either as a result of ocular abnormalities (n = 22) or presence of risk factors from history (n = 7). The prevalence of ocular abnormalities was 15.5% and neonatal conjunctivitis (38%), was the commonest ocular abnormality found. Others were bacterial conjunctivitis (14%), nasolacrimal duct obstruction (14%), strabismus (14%), capillary hemangiomas (10%), iris nevi (5%), and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (5%). Of the 7 infants referred based on history alone, 6 (85.7%) had a history of prematurity. Conclusion Conjunctivitis, strabismus, congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and capillary hemangioma are some of the prevalent disorders seen in infants at immunization clinics in Nigeria. Babies at risk of retinopathy of prematurity (preterm birth and oxygen therapy) can be identified. Immunization clinics can serve as good points of vision screening for infants in developing countries to facilitate prompt referral and treatment.Aim We aimed to develop a leaflet-shaped trilayered tissue construct mimicking the morphology of native heart valve leaflets. Materials & methods Electrospinning and in vivo tissue engineering methods were employed. Results We developed leaflet-shaped microfibrous scaffolds, each with circumferentially, randomly and radially oriented three layers mimicking the trilayered, oriented structure of native leaflets. After 3 months in vivo tissue engineering with the scaffolds, the generated leaflet-shaped tissue constructs had a trilayered structure mimicking the orientations of native heart valve leaflets. Presence of collagen, glycosaminoglycans and elastin seen in native leaflets was observed in the engineered tissue constructs. Conclusion Trilayered, oriented fibrous scaffolds brought the orientations of the infiltrated cells and their produced extracellular matrix proteins into the constructs.Quantitative characterization of binding affinity in protein-ligand and residue-ligand is critical for understanding binding mechanisms of protein-ligand and predicting hot-spot residues. In this paper, binding free energies between two HIV (HIV-1 and HIV-2) proteases and four inhibitors are calculated by molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) combined with the newly developed interaction entropy (IE) approach. The internal dielectric constant is set on the basis of different types of amino acids. The entropy change in protein-ligand binding is computed by IE method which is superior to the traditional normal mode (Nmode) method in the analysis of the ranking of binding free energy, statistical stability and enthalpy-entropy compensation. Importantly, IE method combined with alanine scanning is applied to calculate residue-specific binding free energy. And the calculated total binding free energy using the current method is in excellent with the experimental observed. Our research indicates that HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases share the common hot-spot residues with ILE50/50' and ILE84/ILE84' which provide the major favorable contribution to the binding of protein and inhibitor in all systems. The predicted hot-spot residues are more in HIV-1 complex than HIV-2 complex and some hot-spot residues contributing to HIV-1 don't play a significant role in HIV-2. To some extent, this explains the reason of decrease in potency inhibitors against HIV-2 compared to HIV-1 protease. The study is expected to understand quantitatively the binding mechanism of HIV-inhibitor and provide important theoretical guidance for the design of equipotent HIV-1/HIV-2 protease inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.