injection under arthroscopy or ultrasound guiding.
  We designed a paired controlled study to investigate the advantages of using bone-tendon composite autograft to reconstruct chronic rotator cuff tear compared with primary repair and provide some evidence to use the bone-tendon composite autograft.
 
  Thirty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The native bone-tendon junctions of supraspinatus and Achilles tendon insertion from two rats were harvested for gross and histological observation. Another thirty-six rats had bilateral supraspinatus tenotomy from the great tuberosity. Three weeks later, primary repair (simple tendon pullout directrepair to bone) was performed on one side and the other side was reconstructed using an Achilles-calcaneus composite autograft from the ipsilateral leg. Nine rats were sacrificed for biomechanical testing and another three were sacrificed for histological evaluation at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after surgery, respectively.
 
  The Achilles-calcaneus composite autograft group showed significantly better biomechanical characteristics arotator cuff tear reconstruction especially the large to massive rotator cuff tear in the future to reduce the re-tear after rotator cuff tear.
 The current study finds the bone-tendon autograft can restore the normal bone-tendon interface, which can not regenerate after repair and is the key factor affecting re-tear. The bone-tendon autografts from our body can be the candidates for rotator cuff tear reconstruction especially the large to massive rotator cuff tear in the future to reduce the re-tear after rotator cuff tear.
  Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), commonly using autogenous iliac bone graft may be limited by donor site availability, donor-site morbidity, lower fusion rate among specific patients and longer surgical time. Surgeons used rhBMP-2 as an alternative in order to fill these clinical needs. However, studies comparing with and without rhBMP-2 in ACDF have reported conflicting results on efficacy and complications. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to evaluate efficacy and complications through dose-related rhBMP-2 and surgical level-dependence in ACDF.
 
  We comprehensively searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library and performed a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective comparative studies assessing with and without rhBMP-2 treatments.
 
  1 RCTs, 4 prospective studies and 24 retrospective studies including a total of 1,539,021 cases were identified. Patients in ACDF with rhBMP-2 might benefit from significantly -2 may be lower than 0.7 mg/level was enough to gain the good fusion rates. However, the complications were higher in patients used rhBMP-2, therefore the manufacturers should pay attention to mitigate such side effects.
 This article indicated that the product development of facilities used in ACDF, the dose of rhBMP-2 may be lower than 0.7 mg/level was enough to gain the good fusion rates. However, the complications were higher in patients used rhBMP-2, therefore the manufacturers should pay attention to mitigate such side effects.
  The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) on collagenous fibre formation and the osteogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in vitro, as well as the effect of FGF-2-induced hAMSCs combined with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tendon-to-bone healing in vivo.
 
  In vitro, hAMSCs were induced by various concentrations of FGF-2 (0, 10, 20, and 40​ng/ml) for 14 days, and the outcomes of ligamentous differentiation and osteogenic differentiation were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and picrosirius red staining. In addition, a lentivirus carrying the FGF-2 gene was used to transfect hAMSCs, and transfection efficiency was detected by quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. In vivo, the effect of hAMSCs transfected with the FGF-2 gene combined with autologous PRP on tendon-to-bone healing was detected via histological examinatiing, especially for acute sports-related tendon-ligament injuries.
 hAMSCs transfected with the FGF-2 gene combined with autologous PRP may be a good clinical treatment for tendon-to-bone healing, especially for acute sports-related tendon-ligament injuries.
  Periprosthetic fractures of the femur are an increasing problem in today's trauma and orthopaedic surgery. Owing to the hip stem, implant anchorage is very difficult in the proximal femur. This study compares two plate systems regarding their biomechanical properties and the handling in periprosthetic fracture fixation of the proximal femur.
 
  Using eight pairs of fresh, frozen human proximal femora the Locking Compression Plate/Locking Attachment Plate construct (LCP/LAP) (group I, DePuy Synthes) was compared to the new LOQTEQ® periprosthetic distal lateral femur plate (group II, AAP Implantate AG). After implantation of press fit femoral hip stems a Vancouver B1 fracture model was used.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/itacnosertib.html  Biomechanical testing was performed by cyclic axial loading with a constant increment of 0.1 N/cycle starting from 750 N axial loading. Every 250 cycles an a.p. x-ray was done to evaluate failure.
 
  The Group II showed significant higher axial stiffness (+42%) compared with Group I. In addition, Group II withstood significandard locking plate.
  This study hypothesized that the suture anchor of tibial fixation method of PMMR repair technique is the main factor which reduce the gap formation or over displacement of tear site in initial healing, and then investigated the fixation stability of 4 different tibial fixations through cyclic and ultimate failure load testing of meniscal root sutures.
 
  Twenty-four porcine tibiae with intact medial meniscus roots were randomly assigned into 4 groups transosseous suture, washer, suture anchor, or screw with washer. Each sample underwent cyclic loading followed by a load-to-failure test. Displacement, maximum load to failure, stiffness, and elongation at failure load were recorded.
 
  The maximum average load and displacement at failure for each of the repair groups were as follows transosseous suture, 232.8 N and 12.16 mm; washer, 189.9 N and 21.5 mm; suture anchor, 140.6 N and 13.8 mm; and screw with washer, 167.9 N and 18.9 mm. The maximum stiffness values for each of the repair groups were as follows transosseous suture, 19.