Deferasirox is an oral chelator approved for iron overload, which has a potential side effect of renal Fanconi syndrome, with proximal tubular dysfunction and tubular acidosis. Monitoring of renal function is recommended, though no standard for monitoring exists. We aim to describe cases of deferasirox-associated Fanconi syndrome in adults and the renal monitoring required to detect these findings.
 
  We present a review of the literature and six cases from our institution of deferasirox-associated partial Fanconi syndrome in adult patients with transfusional iron overload secondary to β-thalassemia or Diamond Blackfan Anaemia.
 
  While prior cases in the literature occurred at high doses of deferasirox, our series included patients on doses as low as deferasirox 10mg/kg who had been aggressively chelated. All patients had resolution of laboratory abnormalities with drug interruption.
 
  Rather than chelating to normal iron levels, this series supports prior suggestions that deferasirox dose be reduced if ferritin <500-1000ng/ml, and also supports dose reduction if liver iron content <3mg iron per g dry weight or for those undergoing aggressive chelation with rapid decrease in iron. Monitoring with metabolic panel and urinalysis were sufficient to detect clinically significant proximal tubular dysfunction, but should be followed up with additional studies to confirm the diagnosis while deferasirox dose is decreased or held.
 Rather than chelating to normal iron levels, this series supports prior suggestions that deferasirox dose be reduced if ferritin less then 500-1000 ng/ml, and also supports dose reduction if liver iron content less then 3 mg iron per g dry weight or for those undergoing aggressive chelation with rapid decrease in iron. Monitoring with metabolic panel and urinalysis were sufficient to detect clinically significant proximal tubular dysfunction, but should be followed up with additional studies to confirm the diagnosis while deferasirox dose is decreased or held.
  Debate about the cause of IQ score gaps between Black and White populations has persisted within genetics, anthropology, and psychology. Recently, authors claimed polygenic scores provide evidence that a significant portion of differences in cognitive performance between Black and White populations are caused by genetic differences due to natural selection, the "hereditarian hypothesis." This study aims to show conceptual and methodological flaws of past studies supporting the hereditarian hypothesis.
 
  Polygenic scores for educational attainment were constructed for African and European samples of the 1000 Genomes Project. Evidence for selection was evaluated using an excess variance test. Education associated variants were further evaluated for signals of selection by testing for excess genetic differentiation (F
  ). Expected mean difference in IQ for populations was calculated under a neutral evolutionary scenario and contrasted to hereditarian claims.
 
  Tests for selection using polygenic scores failedon, the best case estimate for genetic contributions to group differences in cognitive performance is substantially smaller than hereditarians claim and is consistent with genetic differences contributing little to the Black-White gap.Kidney transplantation from older and marginal donors is effective to confront organ shortage. However, limitations after transplantation of kidneys from very marginal kidney donors remain unclear. We compared patient and graft outcome, achieved allograft function and quality of life of renal transplantations from Very Senior Donors (VSD, defined as donors aged 70 years and older) with Senior Donors (SD, aged 60-70 years) and Regular Donors (RD, aged younger than 60 years) in Switzerland. We evaluated the outcome of 1554 adult recipients of deceased donor kidney transplantations from 05/2008 to 12/2019; median follow-up was 4.7 years. Failure-free survival (freedom from graft loss or death), glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and quality of life at 12 months were analyzed for RD (reference group, n = 940), SD (n = 404), and VSD (n = 210).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4-hydroxytamoxifen-4-ht-afimoxifene.html  Failure-free survival decreased with increasing donor age, mainly attributable to premature graft loss. Still, overall 5-year failure-free survival reached 83.1%, 81.0%, and 64.0% in the RD, SD, and VSD subgroups, respectively. eGFR 12 months post-transplantation was significantly higher in RD compared with SD and VSD. The acceptance rate of donor candidates for kidney TPL was 78% for the entire cohort (87% for RD, 79% for SD, and 56% for VSD). Deceased donor kidney transplantation from donors aged 70 years or older is associated with an inferior, yet acceptable failure-free outcome, with sustained quality of life.
  Reports on the association of the ABO phenotypes with infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus have mostly come from countries with high infection rates. This study examined the possible association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ABO phenotype in Black Africa.
 
  This report is from a single centre where both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients were quarantined. At the time of this report, Oyo State, Nigeria had carried out 15733 tests of which 3119 were positive for the virus with 1952 recoveries and 37 deaths. The ABO distribution of patients was compared with that of a blood donor population.
 
  Of the 302 participants, 297 (98%) had their blood group determined, asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals were 123 (40·7%) and 179 (59·3%) respectively. Blood group O was significantly less represented among the patients (P<0·01) while blood groups B and AB were significantly more represented (P<0·01, P=0·03 respectively). Patients with anti-B (groups A and O) were significantly less represented than those without anti-B (B and/or AB) B and AB (P<0·001), B (P=0·002), AB (P=0·01). There was no difference in the blood group distribution of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (χ
  (3, N=302)=2·29; P=0·51), but symptomatic patients with anti-A (groups B and O) were more represented than asymptomatic patients with anti-A (χ
  4·89; P=0·03).
 
  The higher prevalence of blood group O and more potent beta haemolysins (anti-B antibodies) are likely reasons for the lower infectivity by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and severity of COVID-19 disease in the community.
 The higher prevalence of blood group O and more potent beta haemolysins (anti-B antibodies) are likely reasons for the lower infectivity by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and severity of COVID-19 disease in the community.