0%), followed by peripheral nerves (10.0%) and meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (7.7%).
 
  The disease pattern upon admission showed that a majority of the cases consisted of cerebrovascular disorders and that the brain was the most frequently affected structure, although we observed that a wide variety of cases were admitted, encompassing all neurological disorders.
 The disease pattern upon admission showed that a majority of the cases consisted of cerebrovascular disorders and that the brain was the most frequently affected structure, although we observed that a wide variety of cases were admitted, encompassing all neurological disorders.Currently, the scientific production in Neuroscience in Brazil is very rich, but, historically, it has been scarce at first. The aim of this study is to present the work "Estrutura da Celula Nervoza", by Bruno Lobo and Gaspar Vianna (1908), as a pioneering work for Brazilian science.
  To investigate the association of sociodemographic, obstetrical and psychosocial factors with fine and gross motor developmental delay in preterm and term infants, in the age group of three months and one day to twelve months and twenty-nine days.
 
  The term and preterm infants were evaluated by the Denver II Test for fine and gross motor skills, investigated in three phases 165 infants in phase 1 (3 months and 1 day to 4 months and 29 days), 130 infants in stage 2 (8 months and 1 day to 9 months and 29 days) and 102 infants in phase 3 (11 months and 1 day to 12 months and 29 days). Sociodemographic, obstetrical and psychosocial data were obtained through an initial interview with family members and the psychic risk assessment through the Child Development Risk Indicators and PREAUT protocols. Statistical analysis was performed using the logistic regression model.
 
  Significant factors in the association with fine and gross motor delay were maternal gestational and obstetric history (planned pregnancy, type of delivery, number of prenatal consultations, use of medication and gestational intercurrence), features and biological risks of the baby (gender, mechanical ventilation, feeding difficulty), sociodemographic factors (career and level of maternal schooling, number of children and people in the house) and psychosocial issues concerning to the family routine participation and presence of psychic risk.
 
  There was a significant association between motor development delay of the infants, environmental and biological variables, with emphasis on psychic risk.
 There was a significant association between motor development delay of the infants, environmental and biological variables, with emphasis on psychic risk.
  to evaluate and classify visual dyslexic students, considering that developmental dyslexia subtypes are not differentiated in most diagnoses and that they affect a generalized approach.
 
  Cross-sectional, observational, analytical study composed of 80 students, divided into two groups, GA (dyslexics) and GB (without complaints of learning difficulties) using PROLEC (proof of assessment of reading processes), TVPS - 3 (Visual Test of Perceptual Skills) and TPMBO (Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test) - subtests 7 and 8.
 
  Comparing the groups, the students of GA presented inferior performance in all the PROLEC tests and in the TVPS3 tests. The TPMBO tests of visuomotor coordination and manual dexterity tests were inferior. In a second stage, screening the visual dyslexics, 12 (30%) schoolchildren were found, who presented better performance in reading frequent words, when compared to the performance in reading infrequent words and pseudowords. In the visual perceptual skills (TVPS-3), they obtained values below 50%, except for the subscale constancy of form. The occurrences of exchanges in reading aloud were in confusion of letters, syllables or words with little difference in the way of writing, but different in the direction, the same students did not present exchanges or confusions between letters, which have the same point and manner of articulation, and whose sounds are acoustically close.
 
  Thus, characterizing the dyslexia subtype is fundamental, because the application of therapeutic techniques will depend on the correct focus of the observed changes. Therefore, an accurate and multidisciplinary diagnosis is required.
 Thus, characterizing the dyslexia subtype is fundamental, because the application of therapeutic techniques will depend on the correct focus of the observed changes. Therefore, an accurate and multidisciplinary diagnosis is required.
  To verify the anatomophysiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors of the mother-newborn binomial, as well as their association with the initiation of breastfeeding.
 
  Cross-sectional study conducted in a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The sample consisted of 304 healthy neonates and their mothers.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html  Breastfeeding performance was estimated by clinical assessment using the Clinical Evaluation of Breastfeeding Efficacy scale and maternal self-perception by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Multivariate Prevalence Ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson Regression with Robust Variance and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
 
  The prevalence of clinical low breastfeeding performance was 27.6%. Primiparous women were associated with higher prevalence of low performance when they did not trust to succeed [PR2.02(95%CI1.18-3.44)] and lower prevalence in having a good latch [PR0.52(95%CI0.29-0.95)], as well as in coping successfully [PR0.59(95%CI0.37-0.91)]. Multiparous women showed higher prevalence when they were not confident in staying motivated [PR3.47(95%CI1.67-7.22)] and in calming the neonate [PR4.07(95%CI1.83-9.95)]. There was lower prevalence in keeping the neonate awake [PR0.32(95%CI0.14-0.75)] and when they did not feel confident in the presence of their family [PR0.29(95%CI0.13-0.64)].
 
  It is important that health professionals be aware of emotional, social, and cultural issues to promote quality breastfeeding.
 It is important that health professionals be aware of emotional, social, and cultural issues to promote quality breastfeeding.
  To synthesize the state of scientific knowledge about biomechanics of the tongue during swallowing after total laryngectomy.
 
  The PICO question and combinations of descriptors and single terms were formulated in the PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, and SciELO databases.
 
  Articles in Portuguese, English, or Spanish were included, without time limit, with results on the biomechanics of the tongue during swallowing and total laryngectomy, and studies on randomized or non-randomized clinical trials, cohort, case control, cross-sectional, case series, and case studies.
 
  year, country, population, objective, study design, assessment methods, main outcomes, and methodological quality were analyzed.
 
  There were four studies in the United States, one in Australia, and one in Brazil, all published between 1986 and 2014. In all studies, the biomechanics of the tongue was the secondary outcome. Most articles had low methodological quality, small samples, predominance of the male gender, and a prevalent cross-sectional design.