https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html Optimization of the [2+2] photocycloaddition between cinnamic aldehyde and 2,3-dimethyl-butadiene resulted in conditions which operate with either 20 mol% (55% yield, 82/18 er ) or 50 mol% (42% yield, 96/4 er ) of a chiral amine and 2.5 mol% of the ruthenium complex. In the catalytic reactions, Ru(bpy) 3 (PF 6 ) 2 was employed instead of Ru(bpz) 3 (PF 6 ) 2 . In line with its photophysical and electrochemical data, Ru(bpy) 3 (PF 6 ) 2 is sug-gested by laser flash photolysis experiments to undergo both electron and energy transfer. However, evidence was collected to support the hypothesis that energy transfer is the only productive quenching mechanism. Control experiments using Ir(ppy) 3 showed that a strong photochemical reductant did not catalyze the intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of an eniminium ion. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIMS To test the effect of energy restriction with maintained protein intake on body composition and the insulin sensitivity of glucose and protein metabolism in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS After 3d of an isoenergetic diet with 1.2 g/kg/d protein, obese T2D adults (3 women, 2 men) followed a 5-week diet providing 60% of energy requirements with 45% carbohydrate, and protein maintained at pre-intervention level. Isotopic tracers were used to quantify whole-body glucose (3-3 H-glucose) and protein (13 C-leucine) metabolism pre- (day 4) and post-intervention (day 39), postabsorptive and during a hyperinsulinemic, isoglycemic, isoaminoacidemic clamp. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Post energy restriction, the 6% weight loss was from total body (11%) and visceral fat losses (25%), but lean mass was preserved. Fasting glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR and C-peptide decreased significantly (29%, 38%, 54% and 38%, respectively) as did other cardiometabolic risk factors. Between clamp studies