Objective The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) system of reporting pancreatobiliary cytology is a standardized reporting nomenclature which uses a six-tiered scheme of diagnostic categories utilizing routine microscopy and ancillary tests such as biochemical and molecular analysis of cyst fluids and immunochemistry. The objective of this study was to determine the applicability of the PSC system on endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) samples reported at the cytopathology laboratory, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital, in Kuwait with special emphasis on situations with limited availability of ancillary tests. Methods 132 cases of EUS-FNAC samples from pancreatic lesions were categorized according to PSC system guidelines after examining the glass slides and reviewing the clinical, imaging and ancillary test findings. These review diagnoses were compared with the diagnoses rendered during initial reporting. Correlation with histopathology reports was done wherever available. Results In 23 (17.42 %) of 132 cases, recategorization was necessary between initial and reviewed diagnoses. In 16 cases, recategorizations were because of non-analogous categories between initial and reviewed diagnosis. In the remaining seven, they were due to identification of newer cytomorphological and imaging findings or because of issues arising from unavailability of sufficient material for ancillary investigations. Conclusion All cases could be categorized using the PSC system with a moderate number of recategorizations between initial and reviewed diagnoses. In certain circumstances, limited availability of ancillary tests, resulted in non-diagnostic categories whereas in other such circumstances, diagnostic categories could be assigned with certain conceptual modifications to the PSC guidelines.The COVID‐19 pandemic has overwhelmed health system capacity and affected cancer centers worldwide. This letter to the editor proposes the need to prepare for a long‐lasting battle.von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) is the tumor suppressor responsible for ubiquitylating the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors for degradation under normoxic conditions. There are two major pVHL isoforms with the shorter isoform (pVHL19 ) lacking the acidic domain present in the N-terminus of the longer isoform (pVHL30 ). Although both isoforms can degrade HIF and suppress tumor formation in experimental systems, previous research suggests that pVHL30 can undergo posttranslational modifications (PTM) and interact with unique proteins. Indeed, pVHL30 has long been observed to migrate as two species on a reducing polyacrylamide gel, indicating the presence of an uncharacterized PTM on the slower-migrating pVHL30 without an identifiable biological consequence. Thus, there has been considerable effort to elucidate the exclusive biological activity of pVHL30 , if any, by first defining the unique features of the slower-migrating species. We show here that the migration of pVHL30 , but not pVHL19 , is retarded by 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF), an irreversible serine protease inhibitor commonly found in protease inhibitor cocktails.The spatial composition of human portraits obeys historically changing cultural norms. We show that it is also affected by cognitive factors that cause greater spontaneous attention to what is in front rather in the back of an agent. Scenes with more space in front of a directed object are both more often produced and judged as more aesthetically pleasant. This leads to the prediction that, in profile-oriented human portraits, compositions with more space in front of depicted agents (a "forward bias") should be over-represented. By analyzing a large dataset (total N of 1,831 paintings by 582 unique identified European painters from the 15th to the 20th century), we found evidence of this forward bias Painters tended to put more free space in front of, rather than behind, the sitters. Additionally, we found evidence that this forward bias became stronger when cultural norms of spatial composition favoring centering became less stringent.Disentangling the metabolic functioning of corals' endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) is relevant to understand the response of coral reefs to warming oceans. In this work, we first questioned if there is an energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration in Symbiodiniaceae (Symbiodinium, Durusdinium and Effrenium), and second, how different levels of energetic coupling will affect their adaptive responses to global warming. Coupling between photosynthesis and respiration was established by determining the variation of metabolic rates during thermal response curves, and how inhibition of respiration affects photosynthesis. Adaptive responses (not reversible) were studied exposing two Symbiodinium species, with different levels of photosynthesis-respiration interaction, to high temperature (32°C) for one year.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mi-773-sar405838.html  We found that some Symbiodiniaceae have a high level of energetic coupling, i.e. photosynthesis and respiration have the same temperature dependency, and photosynthesis is negatively affected when respiration is inhibited. Conversely, photosynthesis and respiration are not coupled in other species. In any case, prolonged exposure to high temperature caused adjustments of both photosynthesis and respiration but these changes were fully reversible. We conclude that energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration has wide variation amongst Symbiodiniaceae and does not determine the occurrence of adaptive responses in Symbiodiniaceae to temperature increase.Background Early puberty is associated with higher than average risk of antisocial behaviour, both in girls and boys. Most studies of such association, however, have focused on psychosocial mediating and moderating factors. Few refer to coterminous hormonal measures. Aim The aim of this review is to consider the role of hormonal markers as potential mediating or moderating factors between puberty timing and antisocial behaviour. Method A systematic literature search was conducted searching Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Psycinfo, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Results Just eight studies were found to fit criteria, all cross-sectional. Measurements were too heterogeneous to allow meta-analysis. The most consistent associations found were between adrenal hormones-both androgens and cortisol-which were associated with early adrenarche and antisocial behaviours in girls and later adrenarche and antisocial behaviour in boys. Conclusions The findings from our review suggest that longitudinal studies to test bidirectional hormone-behaviour associations with early or late puberty would be worthwhile.