Detection regarding Individual Support Circumstances Using Mechanised Style Reinforced Data-Driven Approach.
 Microplastics ingested by two bivalve species Perna viridis and Meretrix meretrix collected from three estuaries viz. Ariyankuppam, Panithittu, and Chunnambar in Pondicherry, India was analysed for the first time in this research. Nile Red dye was used for microplastic detection. A survey of 50 local families was conducted to determine the frequency and quantity in which they consume mussels/clams. On an average, the number of microplastics per gram of soft tissue (wet weight) is 0.18 ± 0.04, 1.84 ± 0.61, and 1.76 ± 0.48; and the number of microplastics per bivalve is 0.50 ± 0.11, 1.75 ± 0.35, and 4.80 ± 1.39 respectively for Ariyankuppam, Panithittu, and Chunnambar. 61.02% and 77.42% of the particles belonged to the size group of less then 100 μm in M. meretrix and P. viridis respectively. A moderate positive correlation of r (18) = 0.6985, p  less then  0.05 was calculated between bivalve weight and microplastic particles. An average person belonging to the local community is likely to ingest 3917.79 ± 144.71 microplastic particles per year through mussel consumption. Salt marshes in urban watersheds are prone to microplastics (MP) pollution due to their hydrological characteristics and exposure to urban runoff, but little is known about MP distributions in species from these habitats. In the current study, MP occurrence was determined in six benthic invertebrate species from salt marshes along the North Adriatic lagoons (Italy) and the Schelde estuary (Netherlands). The species represented different feeding modes and sediment localisation. 96% of the analysed specimens (330) did not contain any MP, which was consistent across different regions and sites. Suspension and facultative deposit-feeding bivalves exhibited a lower MP occurrence (0.5-3%) relative to omnivores (95%) but contained a much more variable distribution of MP sizes, shapes and polymers. The study provides indications that MP physicochemical properties and species' ecological traits could all influence MP exposure, uptake and retention in benthic organisms inhabiting European salt marsh ecosystems. Rivers are the main sources of nutrients to coastal zones. Therefore, the effects of water quality degradation on octocoral assemblages and their relationship with microbiological and physical-chemical variables were determined in reefs close to river basins in the northwestern region of Cuba. The evaluations were carried out in 1 m2 frames at a depth of 10 m in 13 fore reefs. The highest concentrations of the microbiological variables and hydrochemicals and the lowest horizontal visibility in the water column were detected in the reefs near the river basins. The lowest richness, diversity and octocoral density were related to higher concentrations of fecal coliform, total coliform and fecal streptococcal bacteria, sediment accumulation on the bottom and lower visibility. The structure of the octocoral assemblages varied significantly between reefs due to fecal organic pollution. Water quality deterioration in the reefs near the river basins has negatively affected the octocoral assemblages. Within Southern California, east Pacific green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) forage year-round, taking advantage of diverse food resources, including seagrass, marine algae, and invertebrates. Assessing persistent organic pollutants (POP) in green turtle aggregations in the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge (SBNWR, n = 17) and San Diego Bay (SDB, n = 25) can help quantify contamination risks for these populations. Blood plasma was analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PCBs and body size explained much of the separation of turtles by foraging aggregation in a principal component analysis. Turtles from SDB had significantly (p  less then  0.001) higher total PCBs than SBNWR turtles. Most PCBs detected in turtles were non-dioxin-like PCB congeners (153, 138, 99) that are associated with neurotoxicity. Recaptured turtles' POP levels changed significantly over time indicating significant variation in POP levels through time and space, even among adjacent foraging locations. Triphenyltin chloride (TPTCL) is a well-known marine pollutant that may constitute major environmental threats to seaweed mariculture. In the present study, the toxic effects of TPTCL on physiology and ultrastructure of cultivated sporophytes of Undaria pinnatifida were investigated under different TPTCL concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μg L-1. Significant negative effects of increased TPTCL concentration were detected in the relative growth rates, survival percentages and chlorophyll a contents of young and adult sporophytes. Low TPTCL concentrations could significantly stimulate the activities of enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism. The chloroplast, mitochondria and nucleus inside cells were greatly damaged by TPTCL. Meanwhile, significant increases of electron dense deposits and physodes were found. Additionally, young sporophytes exhibited greater tolerance to TPTCL stress than adult sporophytes.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-0068.html  The results of this study indicate that coastal TPTCL pollution could reduce the productivity and quality of cultivated U. pinnatifida. This is the first study of heavy metals (As, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu) contamination of microplastics on sandy beaches in Hong Kong. Three study sites are located in the eastern waters (Pak Lap Wan, Stanley Bay, Tung Lung Chau) and the other three in the western waters (Tai Pai Tsui, Ha Pak Nai, Shui Hau Wan).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-0068.html  The three most abundant types of microplastics were polyethylene (42.2%), polypropylene (23.3%) and polystyrene (19.5%). The median concentration of Fe (302 mg kg-1) was the highest and followed by Zn (19.6 mg kg-1) and Mn (18.6 mg kg-1). Very low concentrations of Cu (0.89 mg kg-1), Ni (0.15 mg kg-1), As ( less then LOD) and Cd ( less then LOD) were measured. The western sites have significantly higher concentrations of Ni, Fe, Mn and Cu than the eastern sites, indicating that Pearl River was likely to be a major source of heavy metals on microplastics. In view of a continual increase in the abundance of microplastics in the marine environment and its potential impacts on marine organisms, immediate actions should be taken in establishing long term monitoring programs for heavy metals associated with microplastics.