l control programs. We present photographs of males and females of all examined species, as well as illustrations of almost all male and female terminalia.This checklist is the third part of a series derived from a long-term multidisciplinary project on the biodiversity of decapod crustaceans from marine and coastal environments of São Paulo state (Brazil). We integrated molecular techniques (DNA markers) and morphological analyses of adult specimens for accurate identifications. We compilated 185 species from the literature, but we confirmed the presence of 168 species 130 of which we sampled, analyzed and obtained sequences (COI and/or 16S totalizing 113 sequences) and 38 that were not directly collected but were confirmed by analyses. In addition, 27 had their distribution removed from São Paulo due to uncertainties, and absence of material as voucher. Five species were reported for the first time on the coast of São Paulo (Calappa ocellata, Neohelice granulata, Teleophrys pococki, Teramnonotus monodi, Tetraxanthus rathbunae) and one on the Brazilian coast (Pseudomedaeus agassizi). Most of the non-sampled species previously reported on the coast of São Paulo might be considered doubtful records stablished in the past by inaccurate analyses, which assumed extended distribution to the area and/or misidentifications. At this time and based on our refined compilation, we can estimate the brachyuran diversity on the coast of São Paulo in 168 species. This detailed inventory contributes to the knowledge on the local decapod fauna by checking available dataset, adding new species records in São Paulo and new sequences to GenBank database. These data may serve as baseline for future identifications and studies on conservation, population genetics, biogeography and phylogenetics, which might flag species that deserve further investigations and concerns.Oryzomyini represents the most diverse and speciose tribe of subfamily Sigmodontinae, with 29 genera and about 141 species. This great diversity of species is distributed from southeastern North to southern South America. Its systematics have passed through major changes in the last years due to the integration of molecular data with morphological characters in phylogenetic inferences. Unsurprisingly, cytogenetic studies on Oryzomyini reflect such diversity, with chromosome diploid number varying from 2n = 16 to 2n = 88. In addition, some species present autosomal and sex chromosome polymorphisms, besides the presence of B chromosomes. However, despite decades of cytogenetic studies, our knowledge about the karyotype variability in this group were still poorly known. Considering such deep and profound changes on the tribe, along with important new evidence that was continuously being produced associated to field work in several areas of Brazil and South America, we performed a cytogenetic review of the Oryzomyini group. We provide standardized descriptions summarizing all the knowledge associated to the known species of the tribe. We also describe seven new karyotypes for the tribe, Euryoryzomys sp., 2n = 58 and FN = 92; Neacomys sp. 1, 2n = 48 and FN = 54; Neacomys sp. 2, 2n = 54 and FN = 62; Oecomys sp. 1, 2n = 54 and FN = 84; Oecomys sp. 2, 2n = 64 and FN = 92; Oecomys sp. 3, 2n = 84 and FN = 110; and Scolomys sp., 2n = 62 and FN = 80.This contribution aims to revise the taxonomy of the genus Heptodonta Hope, 1838, and provides a dichotomous key to the 15 species of this genus. Each species is described in detail with colour photographs of habitus and diagnostic characters. Information on distribution and biology of each species is provided. Heptodonta abasileia sp. nov., H. halensis sp.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/MLN8237.html  nov., H. horii sp. nov., H. schuelei sp. nov., H. tempesta sp. nov. and H. wiesneri sp. nov. are described. Heptodonta nigrosericea (W. Horn, 1930), stat. nov. is raised to species rank. Heptodonta ferrarii Gestro, 1893, syn. nov. and H. ferrarii shooki Wiesner, 1986, syn. nov. are placed into synonymy under H. pulchella (Hope, 1831). Heptodonta lumawigi Wiesner, 1980, syn. nov. is placed into synonymy under H. nigrosericea stat. nov. Females of H. vermifera W. Horn, 1908, and males of H. mindoroensis Cassola, 2000, are described for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for H. analis (Fabricius, 1801), H. arrowi W. Horn, 1900, H. ferrarii Gestro, 1893, H. hopei Parry, 1844, H. melanopyga (Schaum, 1862), H. nigrosericea (W. Horn, 1930), H. posticalis (White, 1844), H. pulchella (Hope, 1831), H. thongdii Fleutiaux, 1919, H. variipes (Chaudoir, 1850), H. vermifera W. Horn, 1908, and H. yunnana (Fairmaire, 1887). Holotype is designated by monotypy for H. eugenia Chaudoir, 1865. Regionally restricted records of two new species from the Philippine island Negros and one new species from the northeast Indian Garo Hills highlight the high conservation value of these rather small-scale regions.We carried out a taxonomic revision of Ahaetulla species inhabiting Peninsular India, using a multiple criteria approach (including genetics, morphology, and geography). Our work included populations of the A. nasuta complex (widespread across the entire region, including the Western Ghats), the A. pulverulenta complex (in the Western Ghats, within Peninsular India) and the A. dispar complex (endemic to the Southern Western Ghats) which all revealed undocumented cryptic diversity. Here, we describe five new species and effect nomenclatural changes to some recognised taxa. In the A. nasuta complex, we describe four species from several latitudinal blocks of the Western Ghats and make nomenclatural emendations to the plains populations in the Indian peninsula. We effect nomenclatural change in the A. pulverulenta population of the Western Ghats and describe a new species from the A. dispar group. Our study highlights the use of a multi-criteria approach in unraveling cryptic diversity. This study also reveals a striking case of discordance between morphological and genetic divergence, and the way this is reflected in previous taxonomic and nomenclatural treatments of these populations.The genera Psalistops Simon, 1889, Trichopelma, Simon, 1888 and Cyrtogrammomma Pocock, 1895 are revised and included in cladistics analyses including almost all species of these genera. In order to test previous morphological hypotheses on the relationships of Barychelidae, Paratropididae and Theraphosidae and because of the controversial taxonomic position of Psalistops and Trichopelma, a set of terminal taxa representing all subfamilies of Paratropididae (Paratropidinae, Glabropelmatinae), Barychelidae (Barychelinae, Sasoninae, Trichopelmatinae) and most theraphosid subfamilies were included, as well as a diplurid, a nemesiid, and a pycnothelid, the later used to root the cladogram. The matrix with 66 terminal taxa, 2 continuous and 93 discrete characters was analysed with TNT 1.5. We found that Trichopelmatinae is not a monophyletic group, and Psalistops is transferred to Theraphosidae, as well as the barychelid genus Cyrtogrammomma and the paratropidid genus Melloina Brignoli. Cyrtogrammomma was retrieved as the sister group of Trichopelma, and Melloina as the sister group of Holothele Karsch.