https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk-j4-hcl.html Older adults have worse outcomes after sepsis than young adults. Additionally, alterations of the gut microbiota have been demonstrated to contribute to sepsis-related mortality. We sought to determine if there were alterations in the gut microbiota with a novel sepsis model in old adult mice, which enter a state of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism (PICS), as compared to young adult mice, which recover with the sepsis model. Mixed sex old (∼20 mo) and young (∼4 mo) C57Bl/6J mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture with daily chronic stress (CLP+DCS) and were compared to naive age-matched controls. Mice were sacrificed at CLP+DCS day 7 and feces collected for bacterial DNA isolation. The V3-V4 hypervariable region was amplified, 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed, and cohorts compared. α-Diversity was assessed using Chao1 and Shannon indices using rarefied counts, and β-diversity was assessed using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Naïve old adult mice had significantly different α and adult mice. The lack of microbiome stability could contribute to PICS and worse long-term outcomes in older adult sepsis survivors. Further studies are warranted to elucidate mechanistic pathways and potential therapeutics. In activated immune cells, differentiation and function are determined by cell type-specific modifications of metabolic patterns. After traumatic brain injury both immune cell activation and suppression were reported. Therefore, we sought to explore immune cell energy metabolism in a long-term, resuscitated porcine model of acute subdural hematoma (ASDH)-induced acute brain injury devoid of impaired systemic hemodynamics and oxygen transport.Before and up to 50 h after induction of ASDH, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated by density gradient centrifugation, and cell metabolism was analyzed using high-resolution respirometry for mitochondrial respiration and electron spin