https://www.selleckchem.com/products/2-3-cgamp.html design and sampling characteristics. The durability and longevity of composite restoration are much dependent on the accurate delivery of the energy required to polymerise the material. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which undergraduate dental students acquire and retain light-curing skills following hands-on training. Hands-on training comprises faculty tutoring for critical aspects of the light-curing procedure, such as distance and angulation of the light-curing tip. Assessments of the students' ability to deliver a specified radiant exposure to class III and I simulated RBCs using a dental simulator (MARC-PS ) at three different time points after the training. Data were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA. Immediately after the training, students' performance on curing was improved (p<.05). Overall, the radiant exposure increased after training, but the students lost some of the benefits with time. For curing in the anterior section (anterior sensor-class III), the mean radiant exposure values increased by approxion how light cure composite inside the mouth. The training was more relevant for curing in posterior areas, where orientation can significantly impact light-curing. A hands-on training where the radiant exposure can be measure gave objective measurement metrics to guide the curing performance. This approach is an effective means of teaching practical skills to dental students. Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) occur frequently and may result in pulp sequelae. This includes pulp necrosis with infection, pulp canal obliteration and root resorption. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of pulp sequelae after TDI among Norwegian adolescents. A retrospective longitudinal study, including historical clinical data, was conducted with 16-year-old pupils in western Norway. All first-grade pupils, born in 1997 (n=5184), attending public high schools, were invited to