is known to exhibit protection against oxidative damage due to its rich content of compounds with antioxidant activity. This study investigated the protective effect of the methanol extract of (MO) in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Forty two wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups of seven rats each, as follows A, control group; B, sham-operated group; C, IR group; D, IR + low dose (200 mg/kg) MO; E, IR + high dose (400 mg/kg) MO and F, IR + Vitamin C (200 mg/kg). Unilateral ischaemia was induced by occluding the left renal artery for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion up to 24 hours. significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated IR-induced increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), while also decreasing serum BUN and Creatinine levels. Moreover, the low dose of MO caused reductions in renal NO and H O levels, while increasing renal GPx and GST activities. Histopathology revealed marked improvement of tissue alterations induced by IR with both doses of MO. Overall, the methanol extract of effectively attenuated the deleterious effects of renal IR via alleviation of tissue oxidative stress. Overall, the methanol extract of M. oleifera effectively attenuated the deleterious effects of renal IR via alleviation of tissue oxidative stress. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a central role in the metabolism and homeostasis of lipids. ApoE gene encodes three major isoforms ε2, ε3 a nd ε4 forming six phenotypes E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, E3E3, E3E3 and E4E4. Disorders of the lipid metabolism and the homeostasis are frequently coexist in renal diseases. The association between gene polymorphisms of apoE and lipid metabolism were not consistent. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between gene polymorphisms of apoE and lipid metabolism in renal diseases. A pre-defined literatures search and selection of eligible relevant investigations were performed to extract and collect data from electronic databases. Sixteen articles were enrolled for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphisms and lipid metabolism. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher total cholesterol (TC) than those with E3E3, and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε2, had a lower TC than those with ε3 or ε4, and subjects with ε4 had a higher TC than those with, ε3. Subjects with E2E2, E2E3 or E4E4 had a higher triglyceride (TG) than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε4 had a higher TG than those with ε3. Subjects with ε2, had a higher level of TG than those with non-ε2. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/semaxanib-su5416.html Subjects with E3E4 had a slightly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) than those with E3E3. E3E4 appeared to be associated with lower levels of HDL. Subjects with E2E2, E2E3 had a notably lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than those with E3E3. Subjects with ε2, had a lower LDL than those with ε3 or ε4 ApoE gene polymorphisms were not associated with very low-density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. Subjects with E2E3 or E2E4 had higher apoE levels than those with E3E3, and subjects with E4E4 had lower apoE levels than those with E3E3. ApoE gene polymorphisms are associated with the expression of TC, TG HDL, LDL, Lp(a) or apoE. ApoE gene polymorphisms are associated with the expression of TC, TG HDL, LDL, Lp(a) or apoE. A major drawback to the management of hypertension among patients is poor adherence to pharmacotherapy. Factors that influence non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs could vary, depending on the prevailing condition of patient and setting. Knowledge of adherence patterns and behavior of hypertensive patients to pharmacotherapy could improve health-directed policies towards hypertension management. The objective of this study was to determine factors that influence adherence to oral antihypertensive drugs among patients attending two district hospitals in the Volta Region of Ghana. The study was cross-sectional. Respondents were hypertensive patients attending Krachi West District (n=187) and Hohoe Municipal (n=183) hospitals between March 2016 to May 2016. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and Morisky 8 Item Measurement of adherence scale. Adherence to oral antihypertensive drugs was 89.2%. However, more than half of these respondents appeared to have uncontrolled blood pressure; anrence to antihypertensive medications in this study were respondent's knowledge about hypertension, perception of severity of their condition and the amount of alcohol consumed in a day. Regular patient education and counseling by medical practitioners should be encouraged in these settings to improve patient adherence. Recently, developing countries have shown a dramatic increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The burden of NCDs in South Africa has increased over the past years resulting in an estimated 37% of all- cause mortality and 16% of disability-adjusted life years. Currently, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are the two most prevalent NCDs associated with the rapid increase in mortality. To demonstrate the socio-demographic and modifiable risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) among South African adults. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Cecilia Makiwane Hospital serving the residents of Mdantsane. Relevant socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, triplicate blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipogram analysis were obtained from 265 outpatients. Multivariate anlysis shows that; salt intake, smoking, elevated triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly associated with DM with adjusted odds ratio of 0.18 (p=0.002), 0.26 (p=0.048), 2.19 (p=0.006) and 0.38 (p=0.001), respectively. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension with odds ratio of 0.03 (p=0.01) and 0.06 (p=0.006), respectively. The burden of DM and HTN on society can be drastically reduced with simple lifestyle changes, development of preventative strategies, large-scale screening and better disease management in South Africa. The burden of DM and HTN on society can be drastically reduced with simple lifestyle changes, development of preventative strategies, large-scale screening and better disease management in South Africa.